The Scarlet Letter By Roger Chillingworth - 895 Words

Roger Chillingworth: Retribution to Death According to an old Klingon proverb, â€Å"Revenge is a dish best served cold,† which Roger Chillingworth, the evil antagonist in The Scarlet Letter knows how to serve well. As readers, we rarely slow down and really scrutinize the works of novels. Consequently, we do not truly realize and acknowledge the development and transition of the characters’ feelings, thoughts, and states of mind. Through Roger Chillingworth, Nathaniel Hawthorne demonstrates that trying to enact retribution on another will typically end in one’s own demise. The one definite reason for Roger Chillingworth’s desire for retribution on his perceived enemy results from Dimmesdale’s act of adultery with his wife while he had not been present. Chillingworth sends Hester Prynne, his wife, to the New World two years before while he had been busy in England. Hester becomes impregnated by the town’s minister, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Chillingworth becomes infuriated; he alters his identity, giving himself a new name and profession. Chillingworth still has to determine who has committed the act with his wife. He acts stern with anyone that speaks with him and expresses rage at everyone for letting the act happen. Chillingworth suspects something about the minister at first glance but has no proof if Dimmesdale is actually the one who enacts the crime with his wife. Chillingworth asks to stay with Dimmesdale for medical reasons, utilizing his fake profession as aShow MoreRelated Sins of Hester Prynne, Reverend Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth in The Scarlet Letter2139 Words   |  9 PagesThe Sins of Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth in The Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter is a study of the effects of sin on the hearts and minds of the main characters, Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth. Hester, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth. Sin strengthens Hester, humanizes Dimmesdale, and turns Chillingworth into a demon. Hester Prynne’s sin was adultery. This sin was regarded very seriously by the Puritans, and was oftenRead MoreRoger Chillingworth And Multiple Evil Figures In The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1024 Words   |  5 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne, in The Scarlet Letter, recounts the events of an adulteress living in a Puritan community, who is forced to submit to public shaming and the vengeful actions of her husband. Hawthorne elaborates on the underlying idea that Roger Chillingworth is maleficent, which works towards the overall purpose that evil temptation ultimately causes negative outcomes. Through the utilization of Biblical allusions, Hawthorne conveys the similarities between Chillingworth and multiple evil figuresRead MoreEssay on Morally Ambiguous Characters in The Scarlet Letter746 Words   |  3 PagesHawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, the deceptive Roger Chillingworth could most certainly be considered a morally ambiguous character. Throughout the novel, Ro ger Chillingworth everlastingly remains misleading as to whether he lies on the side of good or evil. Even at the end of The Scarlet Letter, the knowledge of Roger Chillingworth is extremely nebulous. The mysterious Roger Chillingworth, although ultimately emanating to be evil, attests to be a challenge when determining his morality. Roger ChillingworthRead MoreHester As An Imperfect Heroine1515 Words   |  7 PagesNovember, 2013 Hester as an Imperfect Heroine The Scarlet Letter, a story of Hester Prynne and her paramour, Reverend Dimmesdale, and her malicious husband in pursuit for revenge, Roger Chillingworth. The novel begins in the Puritan society in Boston, Massachusetts, during the 1640’s. The town first ostracizes Hester because of their strong religious beliefs. Hester is then faced with an immense struggle against the town and Roger Chillingworth. Through this struggle she is developed into a heroineRead MoreThe Worst Sinner in the Scarlet Letter1444 Words   |  6 PagesThe Worst Sinner in The Scarlet Letter In The Scarlet Letter there are three main sinners presented to the reader. Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth are all written with their own forms of sin, and each has a unique coping mechanism for their sins and guilt. Sin, at this time, was a hugely important part of daily life, and punishment for one’s sins was universally seen as not only a positive thing, but a necessary action to keep the people of the colony pure. Both HesterRead MoreAnalysis Of The From The Scarlet Letter 959 Words   |  4 PagesNine, â€Å"The Leech† from the Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most iconic books in history; its storyline, theme and literal characters have made an impact on the world of literature for hundreds of years. What stands out the most in the book is the use of archaic diction and figurative language, which serve to paint vivid, descriptive pictures of each character, specifically, Roger Chillingworth. In chapter nine of The Scarlet Letter, ‘The Leech†, Nathaniel HawthorneRead MoreRevenge1222 Words   |  5 Pages This writing focuses on the character Roger Chillingworth, who is one of the main characters in the Scarlet Letter. Chillingworth is first introduced as a â€Å"white man, clad in a strange disarray of civilized clothing and savage costume† (â€Å"Scarlet Letter: Page 1365†). It goes on to describe him as a small old man who has a look of high intellect and a deformed body. Chillingworth plays a chilling and disturbing character throughout the book. He acts almost inhumanly, which one could note that evenRead MoreThe Gift of Evil in The Scarlett Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne764 Words   |  4 Pages Gifts Of Evil In the book The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne there are many characters who have committed sins. In Puritan community they followed the word of god and banned all sins. These sins in The Scarlet Letter were look as The Black Mans work meaning satans work. The sins committed were harmful and hurtful to people and their souls. Hester and Mr. Dimmesdale committed adultery with bearing a child named Pearl. But Roger Chillingworth committed the worst sin by using his giftsRead MoreFeminism In The Scarlet Letter Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pagesand authors alike are able to dispute whether classic literary reads are feminist literature, such as The Scarlet Letter. Author Nathaniel Hawthorne’s writing did not portray a new right being made for women in society due to the scandal it aroused, nor change how women saw Hester Prynne, and it offered a balance of strong male and female characters within the novel. Thus, The Scarlet Letter is not a piece of feminist literature. Women received no new right or advancement of a right due to HesterRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter 1217 Words   |  5 Pages1 McKenzie Botts Mrs. Eron English 2330, Section 02 November 10, 2014 A Sin is a Sin Nathaniel Hawthorne was a brilliant writer of the 19th century. Hawthorne created a novel that reflected the time period of the Puritans in New England. The Scarlet Letter contains a representation of the people during that time period but can also be related to the reader’s time period. Originally, God created the world with complete perfection until man fell, and sin entered the world. In the eyes of God, a sin

Snapple Case Study - 948 Words

Snapple’s brand equity was driven by how unique and popular the product became almost immediately. By 1994, it had grown substantially and was known as a popular and user friendly â€Å"ready-to-drink† beverage. The huge growth Snapple was able to achieve was due in part to the almost cultish fan base that Snapple developed. For example, a family in New Jersey even gave their son the middle name Snapple. Studies showed that ready-to-drink beverages were selected almost strictly based upon fashion, taste, and status related considerations. For this reason, Snapple gained appeal through alternative means of marketing. They used product placements (Seinfeld and Sleepless in Seattle), sponsorship from celebrities, consumer composed jingles, and†¦show more content†¦They were able to use similar distribution, administrative and production systems which allowed them to achieve growth in profits and a 2% boost in the beverage market share. However, Snapple faced some very different dangers in the Cadbury acquisition compared to the Quaker acquisition. Anytime a small, focused brand like Snapple is acquired by a large corporation, they take on some brand confusion. Consumer’s who love the small and unique company may turn on you when purchased by a large corporation. Because Cadbury is so large, they may dilute the brand by wrongly marketing the product towards a group of consumers much too large for Snapple. Also, large companies tend to have more standardized marketing efforts. Snapple has always benefitted from alternative means of marketing. For example, Cadbury’s attempt to make Snapple the official beverage of New York did not align with their core associations. As the ready-to-drink beverage market becomes increasingly competitive, Cadbury needs to focus on Snapple’s core associations to leverage its brand equity. If Cadbury doesn’t have the capability to maintain the small niche, unique, innovative, and quirky feel of Snapple, they should sell it. If they feel they can properly manage Snapple, they need to revisit the alternative means of marketing and use the grassroot activities that Triarc was successful with. They also need to extend the brand into areas that align with the brand’sShow MoreRelatedSnapple Case Study1175 Words   |  5 PagesProduct: The Snapple product line is vast and spans many different flavors, many of which were unpopular. Only a handful of flavors held the product afloat, this in effect was due to the premium pricing of the product. The product in itself was marketed with the accompanying mantra of â€Å"100% Natural† and proved to be quite popular among a very difficult to define market segment. Snapple was neither defined as a â€Å"lifestyle† brand or a â€Å"fashion† brand, it was somewhere in the middle, generally groupedRead MoreSnapple Case Study1115 Words   |  5 PagesProblem: Develop a strategy for Snapple s recovery after a three year trend of declining sales under the management of Triarc Companies. Sales had declined almost 35% in three years (from $674 MM in 1994 to $440 MM in 1997) and had the profile that the company had achieved great success with was diminished. Issues History: • Small company origins based on authenticity and trust in consumers eyes. (ref. Exhibit 6 Ââ€" Pivotal Characteristics) This was evident in the initial mantra of the companyRead MoreCase Case Study : Snapple Case771 Words   |  4 PagesCase Memo- Snapple Case Jayde Panos Dr Mason SWOT Analysis Strengths: †¢ Largest market share 35% (1997, super market brand shares) †¢ Snapple drinkers inhabit the middle between really health conscious people and the â€Å"I don’t care what I put into my body† †¢ Personal- Has a wide variety for all needs †¢ Vividly sensual- Snapple tastes good or its nothing †¢ Seen as a premium beverage Weaknesses: †¢ Rumors of the company having a poor political image (article explains it could be associated with HowardRead MoreSnapple Case Study1025 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: The History of Snapple In 1972, three friends – Arnie Greenberg, Leonard Marsh, and Hyman Golden – established their successful brand Snapple, in Greenwich Village, New York. They saw a unique opportunity in the beverage industry to sell all natural juices by appealing to the young and health conscious urban population. The founders grew their business using funds from within the company, outsourcing production and product development, and building a distribution network. They expandedRead MoreEssay about Snapple Case Study818 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Snapple Case Study Despite the fact that many small startup premium fruit drink companies stayed small or even disappeared during the period from 1972 to 1993, Snapple was able to flourish. A large part of Snapple avoiding the fate of these other companies can be attributed to how successful it was in utilizing the four Ps of marketing, especially product and promotion. Of the four Ps, the marketing mix typically starts with the product, which is one area where Snapple separated itself fromRead MoreRevitalizing Snapple: A Case Study Report2891 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿Revitalizing Snapple: A Case Study Report Introduction From 1972-1993 Snapple Fruit Juice Company flourished while many startup premium fruit drinks struggled and, in many cases, failed. In fact, most of Snapples successful competitors during this time were sold to larger distribution companies allowing Snapple to create a Brand image and distribution alliance for the smaller guy. They were a cult classic, promoted by loud, brash promoters like Howard Stern and Rush Limbaugh who had huge followingsRead MoreDr.Pepper Snapple Group Case Study2696 Words   |  11 PagesProblems and Opportunities It is important to understand the primary problem being addressed throughout this case study: Whether or not a profitable market opportunity exists for a new energy beverage brand to be produced, marketed and distributed by the Dr. Pepper Snapple Group. In order to effectively answer the above question, there are a number of secondary questions that need to be answered to get the full picture. They are as follows: Who would the target market be? What would be the fullRead MoreCase Study on Dr Snapple Group Inc.2428 Words   |  10 PagesUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA KOTA SAMARAHAN CAMPUS MKT750 MARKETING MANAGEMENT CASE STUDY DR PEPPER SNAPPLE GROUP, INC. ENERGY BEVERAGE PREPARED BY: RAMSIS ANAK WILLIAM AGIM 2012402536 Strategic Issues and Problems Being the consultant of Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. (DPSG), I am charged to assess whether or not a profitable market opportunity existed for a new energy beverage brand to be produced, marketed, and distributed by the company. The decision to explore aRead MoreDr. Pepper Snapple Group Case Study1520 Words   |  7 Pages DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR DR. PEPPER SNAPPLE GROUP _1. HOW WOULD YOU CHARACTERIZE THE ENERGY BEVERAGE CATEGORY, COMPETITORS, CHANNELS, AND DPSGS CATEGORY PARTICIPATION IN LATE 2007?_ In late 2007 the energy beverage category was reaching market maturity and projected to have a slower annual growth rate from 2007 to 2011 (10.5%) than it had between 2001 and 2006 (42.5%). Rising prices, packaging competition, and the introduction of hybrid energy beverages also added to the slower projected growthRead MoreDr. Pepper Snapple Group Case Study Essay1997 Words   |  8 PagesMarcela Beas Dr. Pepper Snapple Group March 5th, 2013 Current Situation Analysis Mission/Vision Statement The Dr. pepper Snapple Group fuses its vision and mission statements saying, â€Å"At Dr. Pepper Snapple Group, it is our vision to be the best beverage business in the Americas. Our brands have been synonymous with refreshment, fun and flavor for generations, and our sales are poised to keep growing in the future.† This stamen is straightforward and informatively average. It establishes the

Sample Literary Research Paper Free Essays

Reverend Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, best known by his pen name Lewis Carroll, has written many novels, poems, and short stories in his lifetime but his most famous for his children’s â€Å"nonsense† novels: Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and the sequel Through the Looking Glass. His works, especially the two mentioned, have influenced countless readers over the years, and references to his writings can be found in every type of media from the song â€Å"White Rabbit† by Jefferson Airplane to the the Matrix trilogy. While both books are intended for a child’s entertainment, they are full of symbolism and hidden critique. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Literary Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now His clever wordplay, use of logic and reasoning, and incredible imagination are all trademarks of his style of writing, which is often referred to as â€Å"literary nonsense. † To readers with little experience with Carroll’s work, this term seems to perfectly describe Carroll’s confusing and often rambling style, but when more thoroughly inspected, it becomes obvious that this â€Å"nonsense† has a far deeper meaning. Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is about a young girl, Alice, who gets bored doing her multiplication tables one day and follows a white rabbit into a hole. Through this hole, she ends up falling into Wonderland, a place where there are potions and foods that can change the drinker’s size, a tea party thrown by a Mad Hatter and a March Hare, and a Caucus-race that everybody wins. As Alice journeys through Wonderland she meets stranger and stranger, or, as she says, â€Å"’Curiouser and curiouser! ‘† (15), characters such as a hookah-smoking caterpillar sitting on a mushroom and a grinning Cheshire Cat who is not all there all the time: â€Å"’Well I’ve often seen a cat without a grin,’ thought Alice; ‘but a grin without a cat! It’s the most curious thing I ever saw in all my life! ‘† (94). She runs into three gardeners who are painting the Queen of Hearts’ roses from white to red so she will not cut their heads off. Alice and the Queen play a game of croquet in which the mallets are live flamingos and the balls are hedgehogs until the Queen eventually orders the beheading of everyone but Alice, the King, and herself. The book ends with Alice discovering that the whole experience was a dream from falling asleep while doing her multiplication. The story itself became much more popular upon the release of the Disney animated version. Many parts of this movie, however, were not originally found in the book but are instead found in its sequel. Through The Looking Glass is very similar to Alice’s other journey, but this time she steps through her mirror, also known as a looking glass, and finds herself on a giant chess board inhabited by the Red and White chess pieces from the set in her room. When she asks the Red Queen if she can play, she is told she can take the place of a white pawn and start on the second square and will become a queen if she reaches the eighth. She eventually meets Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum who tell her the poem â€Å"The Walrus and the Carpenter. † She later meets Humpty Dumpty who tells her that he can make words mean whatever he wants and then proceeds to explain to her the meaning of the poem â€Å"Jabberwocky. † Alice is then taken prisoner by a Red Knight and later rescued by a White Knight, both of whom keep falling off their horses, and guided safely to the eighth square where she is made a queen and invited to the Red and White Queen’s nonsensical dinner party, after which she once again wakes up and realizes that the whole thing was just a dream. The poem â€Å"The Walrus and The Carpenter† from Through the Looking Glass is a classic tale narrated by Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum about a walrus and a carpenter who, while strolling down the beach one sunny night, convince a large bunch of oysters to take a walk with them: â€Å"Their shoes were clean and neat-/ And this was odd, because, you know,/ They hadn’t any feet† (74-75). After much talk of whimsical nonsense, the walrus and the carpenter eat the unsuspecting oysters. There are many speculations on what the symbolism behind this poem actually is, but one theory, addressed in the movie Dogma, suggests that it is about religions tricking their followers. According to this theory, the walrus represents Eastern religions as either Buddha or Ganesha, while the carpenter represents Jesus and all Western religions. The two of them trick the helpless oysters, representing the innocent masses, with their words and then use them for their own gain, which in this case is as food. Many argue that this is not the true meaning behind the poem since Carroll was also an Anglican clergyman, but it is also noted that he was pushed towards his clergy position by his father and eventually grew to dislike the whole of the Anglican Church. The true meaning of the poem may never be known since Carroll never told anyone, and it was one of many things left unexplained in his diaries. â€Å"Jabberwocky† is yet another famous poem from Through the Looking Glass, containing many of the characteristics that earned Carroll’s works the title â€Å"literary nonsense. This poem is first read by Alice when she holds the book containing it up to her mirror, and the first stanza is later told by her to Humpty Dumpty when he claims to be able to explain any poem ever invented and a good many that haven’t been invented yet. â€Å"Jabberwocky† is about a boy who is warned by his father to beware the Jabberwock, a great beast with jaws that bite and claws tha t catch, and so takes his vorpal sword and seeks the beast. When they meet, the boy slays the monster and takes its head back to his father to receive his praise. Humpty Dumpty explains to Alice that many of the words in the poem are portmanteaus, or words with two meanings packed into them. For instance, â€Å"slithy† means both â€Å"lithe† and â€Å"slimy,† while â€Å"mimsy† is â€Å"flimsy† and â€Å"miserable† at the same time. He also clears up the rest of the nonsense words in this poem such as â€Å"outgribing,† which he says is something between bellowing and whistling with a sneeze in the middle. The first stanza goes: â€Å"Twas brillig, and the slithy toves / Did gyre and gimble in the wabe / All mimsy were the borogoves / And the mome raths outgrabe† (126). As Humpty explains it to Alice, this loosely translates to, It was four in the afternoon and the slithy toves, a mix between a badger, a lizard, and a corkscrew, went round and round the grass-plot of a sundial until they had worn holes in the ground. The borogoves, thin, shabby birds with their feathers sticking out, were mimsy and the mome raths, sorts of green pigs that lost their way, outgribed. This style of making up words to describe altogether new concepts or creatures as he pictured them has been compared to that of Dr. Seuss: it provides entertainment to children who laugh at these nonsense words, while at the same time has its own meaning when explained. Lewis Carroll had a writing style unlike any seen before his time. His â€Å"literary nonsense† has provided entertainment for countless children, while amusing and stimulating the minds of adults at the same time. While many of the characters and events in Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass are known or debated symbols or references to something else, their true meanings could only ever be understood by Carroll himself. How to cite Sample Literary Research Paper, Essays

Theories & Models of Internationalization-Free-Samples for Students

Question: What are the various methods of Internationalisation that could be adopted by any major retail Organisation in a developed country seeking to expand its Operations into large emerging Markets to maximise the chances of success and minimise the risks of failure? Answer: Many companies, firms and even small and medium businesses from developed nations expand their operations in other countries using the entry mode strategies. However, most of the literary works that have been carried out focus mainly on the service industry and failed to analyze other sectors such as the retail sector in internationalization (Azuayi 2016). However, in this case, the analysis aims at finding out procedures of internationalization adopted by food retail companies in entering the emerging markets. Companies choose to operate globally for various reasons. For some the fierce competition in the domestic markets forces them to seek other markets globally. In other cases, the companies wish to expand, and the only way they can expand is by operating globally. The focus of this study is to provide a study of internationalization strategies useful and relevant to Arla Foods (Arla 2016) in penetrating the international markets. The research explores number entry strategies as well as some theories from the international business. The the main focus is to find whether the developing nations such as Asia are viable for a food company such as Arla Foods from Denmark (Arla 2016). Data from other sources reveal that the international market has some weaknesses, however, despite the challenges; there are many viable opportunities from emerging economies. Arla uses export as the entry strategy to enter Asia, according to this method it is the best for a company such as Arla (Axford 2014). Export possesses very low risks and also the advantage in that it does not require huge funding thus making very effective and efficient. Theories and models of internationalization For many decades, studies focused on economic theories to explain the theory of international trade. However, as of the 1970s, internationalization theories were introduced to help understand the concept of internationalization. Internationalization has been the focus for many companies (Axford 2014). Internationalization from the concept of economics can be defined as a case where businesses get involved in the operations of international markets. For many firms operations begin nationally; however, plans that are long-term are drawn on getting entering a global market. Internationalization has changed the way business used to operate in the past leading to a dynamic market with stiff competition for firms. For most firms internationalization is the best choice since the domestic market is small due to the economies of scale and the numerous opportunities available in global markets (Chan and Cui 2013). Internationalization is one of the strategies employed by executives with the ai m of cutting the costs of production where the labor is cheap in such countries. In other companies that are facing a financial crisis, they adopt a budget that enables them to operate efficiently in emerging economies (Christofor 2008). Many methods are used in entering foreign markets (Stiebale 2011). However, the methods can be categorized into two broad parts. In the first part, a mode that is non-equity exists and entails agreements that are contractual. The other section involves a mode of entry referred to as the equity mode and includes subsidiaries and joint ventures. From the above illustrations, it is evident that export and imports offer the minimal risks and less centralization in terms of control (Schroeder 2012). Other methods that have the highest risk level are the ones that have highest returns on investment but also great control of the market. With the acquisition and Greenfield investments, direct investment is the cornerstone and a prerequisite for investment returns. Institution based view An institution can be defined as constraints that are human-made, and they give the direction of activities in political and economic platforms. The corporate can be said to have various frameworks and structures that may affect how a contract may be enforced, security investment, copyrights and even the political landscape (Andersen, Zamberi Ahmad and Mang Chen 2014). There are three classifications in which institutions can be grouped, and that is cognitive, regulative and normative. A regulative aspect defines the rules and regulations that guide how businesses act and behave in the economy. Normative also referred to as the social aspect assumes education and occupational standards (Azuayi 2016). Cognitive on the other hand comprises the cultural aspects and entails the signs and gestures. Institutions play a strategic role in the economy by ensuring that the market dynamics operate effectively as defined by the forces of demand and supply. Uppsala model theory According to Uppsala model, Swedish manufacturing firms use internationalization in seeking international markets. The ideology for the Uppsala is that globalization is a gradual process. It is a phase where firms seek information of the market that leads to a gradual increase in the activities of the firms leading to direct investments and sales in the foreign nation. The theory of Uppsala rests on the idea of how well the business understands the foreign market. However, it is essential to remember that the domestic market is different from the foreign market (Andersen, Zamberi Ahmad and Mang Chen 2014). Without recognizing such a difference, a firm may fail to achieve the desired dreams and goals. For a company such as Arla Foods, it would be important for it to gain knowledge of the political and economic environment as they define the success of the business. It is also necessary that a company understands how it can adapt to the foreign market (Azuayi 2016). Uppsala theory is o ne of the theories that are still effective and relevant to todays operations. Transactional cost theory According to this theory, costs incurred in creating a firm in the global market are important. It is an addition of the expenses that have been incurred in establishing an entity in a foreign nation. The explicit and implicit costs are included in the transaction cost theory (Azuayi 2016). The strategy employed in entering the international market is a very crucial issue. For manufacturing firms that are seeking to establish subsidiaries in an international market, then transactional cost analysis comes handy as it helps in explaining the integration of decisions vertically (Azuayi 2016). According to the industrial network, every organization has to ensure a lasting relationship with customers and suppliers forming a network. When deciding on the strategy to be used Arla Food should be careful and understand each strategy to choose the one that is economical as well as efficient in achieving the objectives and the goals of the company. The implicit and explicit costs are directly r elated to the success or failure of the company. Factors for entering global markets Internationalization is an extension of the business into the foreign markets. The idea and the logic behind internationalization are strategic decisions that may affect a firm and also its micro and macro operations (Hill 2013).Globalization is viewed as one component that affects management of the business. Current statistics reveal that the rate at which companies have evolved and engaged in global markets has increased over the decades. However, though the concept of internationalization has become more common for most firms, it is necessary for companies to consider the motives behind internationalization. There are many reasons for globalization, but the most obvious one is the desire to exploit potential in the emerging markets and the need to have the risks diversified (Keegan and Green 2017). It is also evident that for most firms that prefer internationalization in the event of launching new products in the market. Coca Cola saw an opportunity after they visited many countries in the world and thereby launched the bottled water. In most of the scenarios, it is the fierce competition in the domestic markets that firms consider foreign markets viable. It is for such reasons that companies such as FORD that considered internationalization almost became market leaders being ranked second after General Motors (Parlabene 2013). For the firms in the Chinese market, internationalization is considered as the best option due to the stiff and fierce competition. The other reason behind internationalization is to avoid the risks associated with operating in one market. The objective of diversifying the risks is one of the reasons firms choose internationalizing. An additional market in another nation is a mechanism used in offsetting negative impacts and also various uncertainties, for instance, the political instabilities and the economic upsurges (Azuayi 2016). Starbucks provides a good illustration, in the past decade the American economy was experiencing recession and for companies like Starbucks they were not it hard as thereby ad other markets in other markets thus giving Starbucks leverage over other companies. The foreign market compensated for the losses with the overwhelming performances in the international markets. For other companies, they decide to go global so that they can experience a different rate of growth. It is the different markets in foreign countries that yield different growth rates and most firms in nations with slow growth rate will consider internationalization in countries with faster rates of growth (Schmidt 2013). Companies operating in the food industry have different growth rates in various markets. The variations in growth rates arise because some countries have experienced maturity faster than other nations. As such companies will look for countries that are at an advanced stage. Despite the fact that some companies operate globally to be profitable, on the other hand, companies may want gain knowledge of the foreign markets. A good number of firms have gone global with the aim of wanting to know what the international market needs to get done regarding changing the product so that it becomes acceptable in the world market. The role of government incentives also plays a part in promoting internationalization (Azuayi 2016). Many companies consider going overseas as a result of government incentives to export some of the products produced locally. It is through government intervention that some markets that were initially inaccessible now accessible. A good example of countries providing help for their firms is the United States which provides help to massive so that they can start exporting products to foreign nations. It is evident that companies have different reasons for going global. Therefore, different firms have different objectives that are to be met by going international. It is, therefore, true that companies adopt various strategies when penetrating specific markets (Azuayi 2016). Since there are various ideologies for going international, there is no right or wrong reason for the company going global. Many theories explain and surround the entry methods in international markets. Overview of methods of internationalization Most firms use export and import as one of the methods in pursuing internationalization. Export refers to the process where a company sells its products to other nations (Gillespie and Hennessey 2016).With the exports strategy, a country either employs the services of an export agent or the company sells directly to the consumers (Fabling and Sanderson 2013). The other method commonly employed is the licensing. The licensing firms give patent rights, copyrights, and royalties to the licensee. The licensee also has access to knowledge of the processes used in the production of goods and services. A licensee, on the other hand, does the production licensors commodities and gets the royalties from the sales of such products (Gioeli 2014). The licensing strategy is employed in countries where the public authorities feel that a new technology is relevant and needed for development of the nation. Franchising bears some similarities to licensing as another strategy employed in international ization. The main distinguishing and unique feature with franchising is that with franchising. The firm controls the market and is also responsible for the development of a market. Franchising comprises of people who own the business partially owners and are referred to as franchisees, who in return pay a small fee to the parent company that is known as a franchise. The franchisee shares in the trademark as they are identified with the brand (Gioeli 2014). The role of the trademark is to enable the business to operate alongside the franchiser. Such a system offers the franchisee many rights and resources. However, the system has many advantages and disadvantages something that companies should consider before accepting to enter into such agreements. Methods of internationalization According to the arguments by Kotapati, there are numerous reasons as to why firms enter into international companies, and there are many strategies that company employs in entering foreign markets for various reasons (Azuayi 2016). No single entry is preferable and efficient for all international markets. Some of the ideologies and preferences for firms going global through different strategies involve reduced rates of tariff in some countries, to enjoy reduced costs in marketing of the product. Strategies employed in internationalization include: Direct exporting Export can be categorized as either direct or indirect. With the direct exporting, a company sells the commodities directly into the market of importance. With the direct export, the firm has an obligation, and the company regulates the market in a foreign nation as compared to the indirect exporting (Azuayi 2016). Piggybacking as a direct exporting strategy entails the company exporting the new products using the already existing distribution channels of the different firms. The other is consortia where the small and the medium sized firms unite and come together targeting both complimentary and substitute products in international market. Arla can sell milk as the main export agent in the Nepalese market. The firm may also use the direct export strategy by employing the services of an agent to distribute the product in the foreign market. Licensing With licensing, a company is entitled to sell product and enjoy the revenues for certain duration. Some of the items in the licensing list include copyright, symbols, and product names. However, licensing applies to firms in the manufacturing industry where firms are entitled to use the process of technology and on the other hand royalties are paid by the licensee (Azuayi 2016). For firms that seek to expand financially, then licensing strategy is the best option. Licensing helps reduce the risk of a product falling in the black market (Azuayi 2016). Companies looking to use this strategy have to consider the future as there is the danger of information falling into the hands of the competitors. Arla Food may not employ the licensing strategy when getting into the Nepal market as there is no need for it to use the patent, trademarks in the food sector. The company is also not a manufacturing sector where the manufacturing firms require licensing dearly in their operations. Franchising With Franchising, a single company is responsible for supplying the other firm with intangible assets. Restaurants and hotels in most cases use franchising in entering global markets . Franchising is recommended for business outlets that have a uniform outlook and is synonymous to food stalls that are easily transferable to other market segments (Azuayi 2016). The caveat required in a franchise model ensures that the brand is unique such that it can be recognized and be utilized universally. It is always fundamental that a business opting to take franchising as an entry strategy be cautious as future competitions may arise in the area of franchising. As for Arla Foods, franchising seems a good strategy franchising offers more repeatable models as compared to other strategies. The firm may allow the investor handle the sales promotion and the sales on its premises, but Arla Food should maintain its policies. Strategic alliances Alliances that are strategic are a cooperative move by the firms through agreements by different firms. Firms that engage in strategic alliances are those in the technology industry as the mode is considered effective and efficient. The main objective for the strategic alliances is the need and desire to exchange technology (Hill 2013). Lastly, there is a foreign direct investment, and in this mode, there is 100 percent ownership. Direct investment ensures that a foreign market is achieved directly. With the Greenfield investment, a company directly owns a facility or an investment that has been developed by another company. The ownership can also be achieved through facility ownership in what is known as the. In this study, there is extensive analysis of internalization, the modes of entry and the factors for the type for the type of the strategy employed. Joint ventures The other strategy employed by businesses in entering foreign countries is a joint venture. The joint venture creates and develops partnership between the home firm and a firm from a host nation is as compared to licensing (Glowik 2016).A joint venture presents numerous benefits to foreign nation firm as the firm gains access to management positions as well as having equity positions. In a joint venture there is integration of the foreign firms with the home country leading to a third party company (Glowik 2016). In most cases, the foreign firm gains knowledge of the local market and also has better control of the management. From the above illustrations, it is evident that firms are operating globally due to the need for larger markets and also because of competition in the domestic market. However, the method employed in entering the global market is critical as it determines the success or failure of the company. Internationalization comes with many benefits (Azuayi 2016). However, there are disadvantages with internationalization such as unfavorable government policies making operations in the foreign market costly and can lead to continuous loss making which can lead to the closure of the company. References Andersen, P., Zamberi, S. and Meng Chan, W. (2014). [online] Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267638765_Revisiting_the_Theories_of_Internationalization_and_Foreign_Market_Entry_Mode_A_Critical_Review [Accessed 7 Aug. 2017]. Anelova B, Z. (2017). Factors that Influence Entry Mode Choice in Foreign Markets. [online] Connection.ebscohost.com. Available at: https://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/67633286/factors-that-influence-entry-mode-choice-foreign-markets [Accessed 8 Aug. 2017]. Arla, A. (2016). Arla Foods Overview. [online] Available at: https://www.arla.com/company/ [Accessed 8 Aug. 2017]. Axford, B. (2014). Theories of Globalization. Oxford: Wiley. Azuayi, R. (2017). Internationalization Strategies for Global Companies: A Case Study of Arla Foods, Denmark. Chan, T. and Cui, G. (2013). Multinationals and global consumers. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Christofor, J. (2008). Antecedents of venture firms' internationalization: a conjoint analysis of international entrepreneurship in the net economy. Berlin: Springer. El-Ojeili, C. and Hayden, P. (n.d.). Critical theories of globalization. Basingstoke [u.a.]: Palgrave Macmillan. Elsner, S. (2014). Retail internationalization. Wiesbaden, Germany: Springer Gabler. Fabling, R. and Sanderson, L. (2013). Exporting and firm performance: Market entry, investment and expansion. Journal of International Economics, 89(2), pp.422-431. Gillespie, K. and Hennessey, H. (2016). Global marketing. New York: Routledge. Gioeli, A. (2014). International Business Expansion: A Step-by-Step Guide to Launch Your Company Into Other Countries by Anthony Gioeli | BookLife. [online] Booklife.com. Available at: https://booklife.com/project/international-business-expansion-a-step-by-step-guide-to-launch-your-company-into-other-countries-5751 [Accessed 7 Aug. 2017]. Glowik, M. (2016). Market Entry Strategies. De Gruyter. Glowik, M. (n.d.). Market entry strategies. Hill, C. (2013). International business. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Karami, A. (2016). Strategy formulation in entrepreneurial firms. London: Routledge. Keegan, W. and Green, M. (2017). Global marketing. Boston: Pearson. Liberman, L. (2013). Internationalization. Palgrave Macmillan. Mellahi, K., Demirbag, M., Tamer Cavusgil, S. and Danis, W. (2010). Marketing strategies of MNCs from emerging markets: internationalisation and market entry mode. International Marketing Review, 27(3). Parlabene, L. (2013). Market entry strategy for the chinese market on the example of volkswagen. [Place of publication not identified]: Grin Verlag. Schmidt, B. (2013). Hybrid market entry strategies. Saarbru?cken: AV Akademikerverlag. Schroeder, A. (2012). Entry strategy for Carrefour for entry into the UK market. Munich: GRIN Verlag GmbH. Stiebale, J. (2011). Do Financial Constraints Matter for Foreign Market Entry? A Firm-level Examination. The World Economy, 34(1), pp.123-153.

Introduction to Financial Management free essay sample

MGT201 (Financial Management) MGT201 Lecture No. 01 Introduction to Financial Management Learning objectives: The purpose of this lecture is to provide you with an overview of financial management. After finishing this lecture, you would be able to have a better understanding of the following. Definition of financial management Significance of financial management for non-finance students and professionals Important concepts and areas in financial management The position of financial managers in organizational hierarchy and their respective work domains. Different business legal entities, their advantages and limitations. The external and internal business environments and their relevance to financial management. Different types of financial and real assets markets. What is FM? FM is the management of financial resources – how to best find and use investments and financing opportunities in an ever-changing and increasingly complex environment. Why should CS majors study FM? First of all, financial management is a core life skill; almost every one needs to understand some concepts of finance to manage his/her business personal finances. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Financial Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is generally and quite rightfully said, â€Å"Money makes the world go round†. Finance is like a life-blood for a company. Even the best of the companies and CEOs go out of the business because of poor financial management policies. Management Information Systems (MIS) and Information Technology (IT) are just a part of the overall corporate strategy which runs on finances, the major resource. So the computer sciences professionals need to have an understanding of the financial concepts to understand and contribute to the overall corporate strategy. Financial Engineering is an upcoming field that requires people with CS, math/science, and finance background. Financial engineering is the application of engineering methods to finance. One important area of study is the design, analysis, and construction of financial contracts to meet the needs of enterprises. This field is experiencing an increased demand for professionals, especially those who are trained in both the underlying mathematics/computer technologies and finance. Page 1  © Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan MGT201 (Financial Management) Definitions Finance: Finance is the science of managing financial resources in an optimal pattern i. e. the best use of available financial sources. Finance consists of three interrelated areas: 1) Money Capital markets, which deals with securities markets financial institutions. 2) Investments, which focuses on the decisions of both individual and institutional investors as they choose assets for their investment portfolios. 3) Financial Management, or business finance which involves the actual management of firms. Major Areas Concepts of Financial Management Following are some of the important areas and concepts of financial management, which would be discussed in detail in the lectures to come. Analysis of Financial Statements: Analysis of financial statement is one of the most common techniques of financial analysis, in which the financial performance and financial health of a company are analyzed based on its past performance. The following financial statements are used in the analysis process. †¢ Profit Loss Statement or Income Statement Income statement reflects the operating efficiency or profitability of a company as a result of its operations along with the net profit available to the shareholders for a given year (usually one accounting period). This statement provides the analyst with some insight into the financial performance of the company. Balance Sheet Balance Sheet is a snap-shot of an organization’s financial health at a particular time. It shows what assets are owned by the business and the sources of acquiring these assets. Statement of Shareholders’ equity Statement of shareholders’ equity provides the share of the owners in the business. Statement of Cash Flows Statement of cash flows explicitly reflects the cash movement (inflows and outflows) during the operations in an accounting period. o o o Taken together, these statements give an accounting picture of the firm’s operations and financial position. Financial statements report what has actually happened to the assets, earnings, and dividends over the years. The analysis of the information contained in these statements help management of the organization to Page 2  © Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan MGT201 (Financial Management) evaluate the performance and activities of the concern; it also helps the investors and creditors to have an idea of the profitability potential and creditworthiness of the business. Investment Decisions Capital Budgeting: Investment decisions are the most critical as they usually involve huge sums of money and these decisions are likely to bring prosperity or doom to a business. A company’s future income depends on how much investment is made, in what type of assets, and how these assets add to the overall value of the company. Capital budgeting is a term strictly related to investment in fixed assets; here, the term capital refers to the fixed assets that are used in production, while budget is a plan which details projected cash inflows and outflows over some future period. The following concepts and techniques are employed while analyzing investment decisions. o Interest rate formulas o Time Value of Money o Discounted Cash Flows o Net Present Value o Internal Rate of Return Risk Return: Investors, individual or institutional, invest their money with the expectations of earning a return on their investment. While investors wish and attempt to earn maximum return, they are constrained by risk. How the risks and returns are related and how do investors make a choice of their portfolios is important for investment decision making. Following concepts and theories would be discussed while discussing the risk-return choices of the investor: o o o o Uncertainty Risk Portfolio Theory Capital Asset Pricing Model Corporate Financing Capital Structure: When a firm plans to expand, it needs capital or funds. Acquisition of funds is considered to be a primary responsibility of a finance department in an organization. There are numerous ways to acquire funds, i. e. , finances can be raised in the form of debt or equity. The proportion of debt and equity constitutes the capital structure of the firm. Financial experts attempt to find a combination of debt and equity that could increase the overall value of the company, i. e. , they try to find the optimal capital structure. The following concepts would be used to understand how an optimal capital structure could be attained. Cost of Capital Leverage Dividend Policy Page 3  © Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan o o o MGT201 (Financial Management) o Debt Instruments Valuation: Asset or company valuation is important not only for financial managers, but also for creditors and investors. It is important to know the value of the company or its assets to make important financing and investment choices. Different valuation techniques and factors that influence the value of a company or its financial instruments would be discussed in this section. o o o o Share Bond Option Corporate Working Capital Inventory Management: Working capital and inventory management pertains to the effective management of current assets. As we will see, an optimal and effective utilization of working capital and inventory increases the operating efficiency of the firm. International Finance Foreign Exchange: With the increasing importance of international trade and global markets, the role of international finance has increased manifold. In a global environment, the finance managers have more choices pertaining to investing and financing than ever before. However, it is important to understand the implications of working in a global environment, since fluctuations in the currency rates can convert a good financing or investment decision into a bad one. This section of the course would discuss the international financial environment and the financial implications of working in a global environment. Organizational Structure (Who does the FM work? ) Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Chief Financial Officer (CFO) Treasurer Controller Cash Investment Accounts Capital Budgeting Audit Capital Structure Inventory Page 4  © Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan MGT201 (Financial Management) Business Legal Entities †¢ Sole Proprietorship : It is an unincorporated business owned by one individual. Going into a business as a sole proprietor is simple – one merely has to begin business operations. Proprietorship consists of 80%of the total number of businesses worldwide. Advantages: i. ii. iii. It is easily inexpensively formed. It is subject to few government regulations. The business pays no corporate income tax; only personal income tax is paid by the proprietor. Limitations: i. ii. It is difficult for a proprietorship to obtain large sums of capital. The proprietor has unlimited personal liability for the business debts, which can result in losses hat exceed the money invested by him in the business. The life of the business organized as proprietorship is limited to the life of the individual who created it. iii. Partnership: A partnership exists whenever two or more persons associate to conduct a noncorporate business. It could be registered or unregistered. Advantages: i. ii. Limitations: i. ii. iii. iv. Unlimited Liability. Limited life of the organization. Difficulty of transferring ownership. Difficulty of raising large amounts of capital. Low cost involved Ease of formation. Corporation: A corporation is a limited company and a separate legal entity registered by the government. It is separate distinct from its owners managers. It Can be Private Limited Page 5  © Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan MGT201 (Financial Management) (Pvt. Ltd. ) or Public Limited (which may be listed on Stock Exchange). The businesses in the form of corporations control 80% of global sales of products and services. Advantages: i- Unlimited life: A corporation can continue even after the death of its original owners. ii- Easy transferability of ownership interest: Ownership interests can be divided into shares of stock, which in turn can be transferred far more easily than can proprietorship partnership interests. ii- Limited Liability: The liability of the shareholders is limited up to the extent of nominal value of shares held by them. Creditors and banks cannot confiscate personal properties of director shareholders in case of its bankruptcy. Limitations: Double Taxation: Corporate earnings may be subject to double taxation – the earnings of the corporation are taxed at corporate level, and then any earnings paid out as dividends are ta xed again as income to the stockholders. ii. Legal Formalities: Setting up a corporation, and filing many official documents, is more complex and time consuming than for a proprietor ship or a partnership Hybrids (Mixed): Hybrid organizations are specialized types of partnerships, which combine the limited liability advantage of a corporation with the tax advantages of a partnership. S-Type Corporation: S- Type corporations are Limited Liability Corporations without double taxation. In a regular corporation, the company itself is taxed on business profits. In addition, the owners pay individual income tax on money that they draw from the corporation as salaries, bonuses, or dividends. In contrast, in an S corporation, all business profits pass through to the owners, who report them on their personal tax returns (as in sole proprietorships, partnerships, and Limited Liability Companies). The S corporation itself does not pay any income tax, although a co-owned S corporation must file an informational tax return like a partnership or Limited Liability Companies – to tell the tax authorities what each shareholders portion of the corporate income is. i. Page 6  © Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan MGT201 (Financial Management) LLP: Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) is also a form of partnership with allows limited liability to the owners and avoids double taxation. These organizations are similar in many ways to the S Corporations; however, LLPs offer more flexibility and benefits to the owners. PC: Personal Corporations ( PC) or Professional Corporations are generally formed by professionals to protect them against litigations. Professionals like doctors, lawyers and accountants prefer to register their business as Professional Corporations. Balance Sheet – An FM Perspective Page 7  © Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan MGT201 (Financial Management) Internal and External Business Environment Internal Business Environment: Internal environment of business normally consists of the following. i. Finance ii. Marketing iii. Human Resources iv. Operations (Production, Manufacturing) v. Technology vi. Other Functions (Logistics, Communications) External Business Environment: The following business environment factors outside an organization have a profound effect on the functions and operations of an organization. . ii. iii. iv. v. vi. Customers Suppliers Competitors Government/Legal Agencies Regulations Macro Economy/Markets: Technological Revolution Page 8  © Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan MGT201 (Financial Management) An analysis which is used in a business is called SWOT Analysis. SWOT is an acronym where S stands for Strengths W stands for Weaknesses O stands for Opportunities T stands for Threat s Strengths and weaknesses are within an organization, i. e. , they pertain to the internal environment of the organization. Opportunities and threats, on the other hand, pertain to the external environment, i. e. , outside the organization. Financial Markets †¢ Capital Markets: These are the markets for the long term debt corporate stocks. Stock Exchange: A stock exchange is a place where the listed shares, Term finance certificates (TFC) and national investment trust units (NIT) are exchanged and traded between buyers and sellers. Long term bonds: Long term government corporate bonds are also traded in capital markets. Money Markets Money market generally is a market where there is buying and selling of short term liquid debt instruments. (Short term means one year or less). Liquid means something which is easily encashable; an instrument that can be easily exchanged for cash. Following financial instruments are traded in money markets. Short term Bonds o Government of Pakistan: Federal Investment Bonds (FIB), Treasury-Bills (T-Bills) o Private Sector: Corporate Bonds, Debentures Call Money, Inter -bank short-term and overnight lending borrowing Loans, Leases, Insurance policies, Certificate of Deposits (CD’s) Badlah (money lending against shares), Road-side money lenders Page 9  © Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan MGT201 (Financial Management) †¢ Real Assets or Physical Asset Markets Following are the active markets of real and physical assets in Pakistan o o o Cotton Exchange, Gold Market, Kapra Market Property (land, house, apartment, warehouse) Computer hardware, Used Cars, Wheat, Sugar, Vegetables, etc. Page 10  © Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan

All About the French Verb Falloir

All About the French Verb Falloir Falloir is an irregular impersonal French verb that is better known in its conjugated form: il faut. Falloir means to be necessary or to need. It is impersonal, meaning that it has only one grammatical person: the third person singular. It may be followed by the subjunctive, an infinitive, or a noun. Examples of Falloir   Ã‚  Ã‚  Il faut partirIts necessary to leaveIl faut que nous partionsWe have to leaveIl faut de largent pour faire à §aIts necessary to have / You need money to do thatWhen falloir is followed by an infinitive or noun, it may be used with an indirect object pronoun to indicate who or what needs whatever comes next:Il faut mangerIts necessary to eatIl nous faut mangerWe have to eatIl faut une voitureIts necessary to have a carIl me faut une voitureI need a car Expressions with Falloir Falloir is used in a number of expressions, including:ce quil faut - what is neededIl a bien fallu  ! - I/We/They had to!sil le faut - if (its) necessaryFaudrait voir voir (informal) - Come on! Come off it!Il faut ce quil faut (informal) - Youve got to do things right S'en falloir The impersonal pronominal construction sen falloir means to be missing or short of something, as in this action did not occur because something was missing:Tu as ratà © son appel, il sen est fallu de 10 minutesYou missed his call by 10 minutesJe nai pas perdu, mais il sen est fallu de peuI very nearly lost (I didnt lose, but it was close) Conjugations Here are the most common tenses of falloir.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Present tense  Ã‚  Ã‚  il fautImperfect  Ã‚  Ã‚  il fallaitFuture  Ã‚  Ã‚  il faudra

Primary theories of leadership and examples Research Paper

Primary theories of leadership and examples - Research Paper Example A probe into the lives of Jacqueline Kennedy, Martha Stewart, Opera Winfrey, Hillary Rodham Clinton and George Bush show that these leaders revealed traits of charismatic, authoritarian, inspirational, transformational, and situational leadership styles respectively. Primary theories of leadership and examples Leadership theories are based on how leaders lead their followers. Some of the primary theories of leadership styles are charismatic, authoritarian, inspirational, transformational, and situational. The basic characteristics that differentiate each of these leadership styles are: the nature of the relationship between the leader and followers; the personality of the leader; the vision and nature of the leader’s interaction with the followers or employees; the nature of the rewards, positive reinforcements and tasks administered; and, the achievement of the goals or tasks. This paper analyses the major characteristics of charismatic, authoritarian, inspirational, transfor mational, and situational leadership styles with special reference to such leaders as Jacqueline Kennedy, Martha Stewart, Opera Winfrey, Hillary Rodham Clinton and George Bush. ... Charismatic leaders also have the ability for taking personal risks and exhibiting non-traditional behavior. According to Burke and Cooper (2004, p. 86), charismatic leaders arouse enthusiasm and commitment among their followers by articulating a compelling vision, increasing follower confidence about achieving it, and linking the task or mission to the values, ideals, and self-concept of the followers. Both John F Kennedy and his wife Jacqueline Kennedy had charismatic personalities that could attract the American society. Jacqueline’s charisma helped Kennedy not only during his presidential campaign but also in his political life in the White house. Her demeanor and influencing charismatic style saw her as the most warmly received public figure during official trips abroad. It was her charismatic leadership style that immortalized the Kennedy Library Foundation after her husband was assassinated. Authoritarian leadership and Martha Stewart In authoritarian leadership style t he leader acts like an autocrat, allowing little or no participation from his team members or followers. Even though the leadership style is not popular today it has been identified as quite effective during emergencies when quick decisions are to be taken. As pointed out by Cherry (2012, para. 1) authoritarian leadership style is â€Å"characterized by individual control over all decisions and little input from group members.† As such these leaders do not involve their followers in the decision making process. The success of Martha Stewart, the celebrated American business magnate and author, is strongly rooted in her authoritarian leadership style. She started with a small catering business

Charitable Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Charitable Organizations - Essay Example They just have to manage funds. Lastly, the intangible benefits are immense when it comes to serving in a charitable organization. As for the disadvantages, employee retention and recruitment is a matter of concern as the salary is low and commitment needed is high. Lastly, when charities are newly established, fund raising is a major issue as people doubt their credibility. Charitable organizations are those companies who are working for the sole purpose of doing something good for the society. The organization has charity-oriented factors as its aims and objectives as opposed to a normal company, whose major aim is to maximize its profits. There can be many types of charitable organizations, namely trusts, foundations and associates which are working as unincorporated (Petit-Zaman, 2006). A company might start off with charitable purposes or might become a charitable organization after some time passes after its establishment. There is a difference between a charitable organization and not-for-profit organizations. Charitable organizations are a subset of not-for-profit organizations. Not-for-profit organizations are those which are incorporated as an organization. They have a separate legal entity. They are neither working for purely charitable purposes nor for profit maximization. ... It is actually the responsibility of the state to fulfill these traditional duties, to work for the welfare of the citizens of the state. But often the state is ignorant of these duties and that is when these charitable organizations step in and do some good work. CHARITIES IN UNITED KINGDOM The United Kingdom has a total number of 200,000 charitable organizations (UK Tax). This is a huge quantity and the graph is rising as the sector of charity is rapidly growing and accelerating. Many of these charities are established as limited liability companies so that the owners, i.e. the trustees, are not liable to pay more than their share of investment in the company and so that this factor results in the establishment of more charitable organizations. Charitable organizations are finding new ways to cater to the humanity. The various charitable organizations are basically registered with three regulatory bodies, namely the Charity Commission, the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator and the Inland Revenue. These regulatory bodies are essential to supervise and take care of the activities that these charitable organizations are indulging in. these bodies make sure that these charities do not misuse the money that they collect from the general public for charitable purposes . These charities also have to report its activities to the government. This makes the government fully aware of whether these organizations are fulfilling their purposes or not, as their collections are tax free. This reporting aims to see whether any fraud is being done by an organization opened by the name of charity but eating up money for personal purposes. If a fraud is detected, the license of the

Current Events Journal Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current Events Journal - Article Example The government claims that it needs this program to fight terrorism. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), representing those who have regular overseas dealings, took its case to District Court last March where it won its argument, but because of the stay requested by the government, surveillance is continued until the appeals process is complete. The government will submit its arguments to the court by October 13. The ACLU has a month to respond with a ruling expected to be rendered by the end of the year. Whichever side loses the appeal will likely appeal further to the Supreme Court. The ACLU contends that for the government to authorize the unwarranted surveillance of its citizens violates the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution which prohibits the use of general warrants and requires that probable cause be apparent. The National Security Agency (NSA) has had its surveillance program in place for five years in its global fight on terrorism but has not obtained the proper court-ordered warrants required by law in these monitoring activities. Judge Taylor ruled last August that this violates the civil rights of the Americans affected because the government is not presenting its justifications for its surveillance activities in court. Taylor had ruled that the NSA must stop this program but the 6th Circuit Court of Appeals allowed the stay of that ruling as requested by the government. The Bush administration continues to insist that the ‘Terrorist Surveillance Program’ is a necessary tool which ultimately protects American citizens. This program has been in existence since the September 11 attacks yet the public has only recently learned of it. There are concerns that civil liberties, which are supposed to be protected by the Constitution, are being eroded by a government that is overstepping its powers by wiretapping Americans without benefit of a court-ordered

Thematic Analysis Of Faerie Queene Literature Essay

Thematic Analysis Of Faerie Queene Literature Essay The earthly human society continues to be faced by various impediments to its existence and continuity. Some of these varied issues include; the reality a bout truth and faith, the unending evils, the confusion of love and the persistence search for purity. It is because of these squabbles that Edmunds Spencers Faerie Queene was written. The book focuses largely on the central theme of holiness and how it can be achieved in the society. Holiness would mean being pure, clean and godly. However it can not exist without evil. According to Wauchope, holiness could be compared to light and evil compared to darkness. Holiness therefore the main drive and urge for any person who wishes to attain the highest faculties in life, truth, faith and love. The work of any writer cannot be clear and complete unless various characters are employed in order to bring out the intended message. As such Spencer has notable characters that have different purpose. Book 1, Cont I, introduces Redcrosse who is the Knight of Holiness that works collaboratively with Una, a beautiful lady who is out to represent truth and faith of a true Christian. It is matter to be noted that for any person who aims to be a true Christian full of holiness, he must have true faith. The religious battles that exist in the world today can be traced back to the christsera. Most of our time is faced by lack of virtue of holiness, persistent evil that threatens the human race specifically occurring as a result of superiority struggles among the major religions of the time. The world known religion catholic is being condemned for not presenting truth to its followers and uses various images that are meant to deceive. The strength of Knight and the lady Una is as a result of boldness, courage and sheer determination to achieve victory by fervently fighting evil and false religion (Faerie Queene II,147-48) . The Roman Empire worked continuously hard to ensure that the whole world remains bound by one religion but however, because of increased awareness and freedom, the England people led a determined rebellion and broke away from Roman Catholic to form a true religion of Protestants and Anglicans. This fierce break-up aggravated evil in the society, where most people were killed for defending their faith. Most Martyrs like Stephen were forced to die because of trying light to bring to the world. The true position for any Christian should be to aim at fighting for righteousness and work towards ensuring that evil does ensue too soon. Every society that tries to advance in holiness still has to face the hurdles of vice. The two elements are parts of the same coin that operate at the extreme ends. Hamilton highlights in his book, that evil will take the slightest opportunity to engulf holiness. Una who is representing truth happens to meet Duessa, who on contrary represents false images that are used to deceive and confuse the faith of Una. She is torn between the devil and deep sea losing when she encounters Duessa.That being a strong religion, Catholic Church still focuses on use of images which carry false meaning. These images could be source of idolatry, which caused the rebellion of the Protestants. Indeed any individual with divine faith and holiness cannot accept to throw away his noble pursuit because victory does not come easily. Fighting evil in the society requires one to stay on course even when it seems tough. This would require surrounding yourself with life performers who have achieved the highest ladder in the fields of faith, character and honour. When Knight Meets Una, a strong bond is developed that help them to remain focused in their mission to achieve holiness and eradicate evil. Therefore when cooperation exists among the members of the society, then notable vices like rape, idolatry and innocent killings cannot continue to escalate further. This is not an individual effort but an integral one which requires positive mindset that Redcrosse is urged to have. Resolved in minde all suddenly to win (Faerie Queene, I.210). Human beings still remain to be the weakest creature that is easily lured into evil. Many a time most people have found themselves on the crossroads, more on the wrong side than on the right side of it, because they were tempted by other people; who because of weaker power for self defence of individual values and virtues had to give into it. Wauchope infer a case where Archimago tries to separate Redcrosse from Una through lust and deception, which he falls into. Once separated he becomes extremely weak making it easy for Duessa to deceive him even more. It is good to note that whenever truth is separated from holiness, confusion ensue as people are lost in faith. Thus in our present times it is essential that we keep good companies and associations that can help us grow in faith ,develop the power to defend our believes, not being easily led astray from truth and fall into the paths of evil by the already fallen. This will help enrich the soul, mind and body which in turn will help to perpetuate holiness in all kind and spheres of life. Evil in our society can only be eliminated only and only if we take collective initiative to set rules that will help lighten our lives than darkening it. Only when truth is adhered to that we can forge a way out to develop standards of morals that every member is expected to follow. There is a great overall evil that threatens mankind, the very basic evil of sin. This is the dragon that Redcrosse defeats at the end of Book 1 of Faerie Queene. This enemy can be dealt with, through reformation in various social institutions like marriage, learning institutions, governing bodies and churches. The Norton Anthology also focuses on best reason as to why we should reform our social, economic and political systems so as to have an all round society. If we restructure our religion, faith and love we will have a true meaning of holiness. Holiness is not complete without love. True love does not lie in being beautiful or gorgeous, but it thrives where there is truth and light in faith. Most young men tend to associate beauty with love, but in really sense, it is not an indicative virtue of love. Courtly love dictates that the excitement and splendour constantly travel with valiant warriors who croon romantic declarations of passions to women and eventually accumulate great respect through epic triumphs in the battles over many years. The Redcrosse knight bridges the gap between mere men and these gallant celebrities and reverses the process of virtue. The virtues of love entail being sincere in heartily devotions and commitment to one another, not in reputation but in character and true integrity. This is the ingredient of love. Jennipher Sinclair, points out that being in love does not necessarily mean sexual and emotional feelings but involves learning how best we should live a virtuous life full of respect, purity and holiness. Respect will involve observing the code of humanity of preserving life and not forming stereotypes that are prejudicial and discriminative in nature. These acts are highly shown by persistent struggle that exist between the Roman Catholics and the Anglican Protestants. When human beings begin to use religion as an instrument to hate rather than love each other, then no major developments can be realised specifically in the areas of holiness. As Nelson Mandela points out that, No one is born hating the other and if a person can learn to hate, then he can be taught to love. Love is the union of all earthly races because all human beings have blood that is red symbolising that we are all equal. The Faerie Queene was intended to teach the young men and women to focus on building a society that is clean and pure in its operations. Being the weakest and most lured into temptations of every soot, they ought to observe good codes of conduct. Young men should posse spotless character and should rise to highest circles of leadership and command. We are also a forewarned about love and appearance because love is not in the beauty, as such, believing in the beauty would deceive and the originality of true love. Only truth and faith can indicate real virtue and meaning of love and struggle hate.Consequentlty we are also encouraged to remain firm in our believes and of life, because modern expectation cannot always be met and fulfilled, and respect through trials other than physical tests, in the long run, holiness prevail over evil and light blinds the dark.

How To Die Essay -- Psychology

Death has always been part of human culture. It’s viewed in all kinds of manners, ranging from the worst enemy to a welcome liberator. In today’s society, death and the culture of death expand ever so quickly as people live longer on more advanced medicine, and thus die older and weaker. Of course, eventually everyone will face the prospect of taking their last breaths. Therefore it becomes necessary to give serious thought about how we choose to die in an intensifying plethora of options. Some believe in fighting until the disease wins with the best technology and best treatments without regard to cost. Others believe that after a certain age, or certain period of â€Å"extreme treatments†, the ill should accept their fate and die with â€Å"dignity†, off the machines and any radical treatments. Few physicians recommend the second option, because they are expected to do everything humanely possible to keep patients alive. With a range of increasing medic al technology, it’s only become easier to do so. However, the effectiveness and relative comfort of these new remedies are another question entirely. Renouncing the desperate fighting philosophy, the hospice institution takes the issue of dying in a different perspective. Hospice supports a submissive approach to dying, allowing the patient to experience a natural, dignified death without painful or bizarre treatments. Many times, spiritual and emotional counseling to the patient and his or her family is also offered. How to end a normal life seems to rest on how much people want to defy death. The point of disconnect occurs when people have to decide which is nobler: a courageous fight, or a graceful acceptance. We generally want to live as long as we possibly can, but can the way we end ... ...is-the-quality-of-life-it-gives-the-patient.html>. "Right-to-die Statement: Tony Nicklinson Says Stroke Left 'no Dignity or Privacy'" The Guardian. Ed. Press Association. Guardian News and Media, 12 Mar. 2012. Web. 02 Apr. 2012. . Siamak, MD, Nabili T. "MedicineNet.com." MedicineNet. Ed. Melissa C. Stà ¶ppler, MD. MedicineNet, Inc. Web. 02 Apr. 2012. . Steven, Reinberg. "Medicare Costs for Cancer Treatment Soar." US News. U.S.News & World Report, 10 June 2008. Web. 02 Apr. 2012. . Williams, Mary E. "Hospice Care Benefits The Terminally Ill." Terminal Illness: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven, 2001. 17-26. Print.

Great Escape

Having wasted enormous resources on recapturing Allied prisoners of war (POWs), the Germans move the most determined to a new, high-security prisoner of war camp. The commandant, Luftwaffe Colonel von Luger, tells the senior British officer, Group Capt Ramsey, â€Å"There will be no escapes from this camp. † Ramsey replies that it is their duty to try to escape. After several failed escape attempts on the first day, the POWs settle into the prison camp. Gestapo and SS agents bring Squadron Leader Roger Bartlett (RAF) to the camp and deliver him to von Luger. Known as â€Å"Big X,† Bartlett is the principal organizer of escapes and Gestapo agent Kuhn orders that he be kept under the most restrictive permanent security confinement, which Col. von Luger, disgusted by the Nazis and the SS, only makes a â€Å"note† of, treating the command with complete contempt. As Kuhn leaves, he warns Bartlett that if he escapes again, he will be shot. Bartlett is then placed with the rest of the POWs, rather than the restrictive holding that Gestapo agent Kuhn had demanded. Locked up with â€Å"every escape artist in Germany†, Bartlett immediately plans the greatest escape attempted—tunnels for breaking out 250 prisoners. The intent is to â€Å"confuse, confound and harass the enemy† to the point that as many troops and resources as possible will be wasted on finding POWs instead of being used on the front line. Teams are organized to tunnel, make civilian clothing, forge documents, procure contraband materials, and prevent guards from discovering their work. Flight Lieutenant Hendley, an American in the RAF, is â€Å"the scrounger† who finds what the others need, from a camera to clothes and identity cards. Australian Flying Officer Louis Sedgwick, â€Å"the manufacturer,† makes tools such as picks for digging and bellows for pumping air into the tunnels. Flight Lieutenant Danny Velinski and William â€Å"Willie† Dickes are â€Å"the tunnel kings† in charge of making the tunnels. Eric Ashley-Pitt of the Royal Navy devises a method of hiding bags in the prisoners' trousers and spread dirt from the tunnels over the camp, under the guards' noses. Forgery is handled by Flight Lieutenant Colin Blythe, who becomes nearly blind from intricate work by candlelight. Hendley takes it upon himself to be Blythe's guide in the escape. The prisoners work on three tunnels simultaneously, â€Å"Tom,† â€Å"Dick† and â€Å"Harry. Work on Harry and Dick is stopped so that more work can be performed on Tom. The work noise is covered by the prisoner choir led by Flt Lt Cavendish. USAAF Captain Virgil Hilts, â€Å"The Cooler King,† irritates guards with frequent escape attempts and irreverent behavior. While in the cooler, he befriends a young RAF Flying Officer named Archibald Ives, and the two strike up a plan to escap e; they are caught while attempting it and returned to the cooler. The experience seems to take a toll especially on Ives, who is close to an emotional breakdown from his time in captivity. While the British POWs enjoy a 4th of July celebration organized by the three Americans, the guards discover tunnel Tom. The mood drops to disappointment and pushes Ives over the edge. He is drawn to the barbed wire that surrounds the camp and, in a final act of desperation, climbs it in view of guards. Hilts runs to stop him but is too late, and Ives is machine-gunned dead near the top of the fence. The prisoners switch their efforts to Harry. Hilts, aggrieved by the loss of his friend, agrees to change his plan and reconnoiter outside the camp and allow himself to be recaptured. The information he brings back is used to create maps showing the nearest town and railway station. End of the real â€Å"Harry† tunnel (on the other side of the road) showing how it doesn't reach the cover of the trees Entrance of the tunnel â€Å"Harry† showing scale of distance to far end of tunnel The last part of the tunnel is completed on the night of the escape, but is 20 feet short of woods which are to provide cover. Danny nearly snaps from claustrophobia and delays those behind him, but is helped by Willie. Seventy-six escape. After attempts to reach neutral Switzerland, Sweden, and Spain, almost all the POWs are recaptured or killed. Hendley and Blythe steal an airplane to fly over the Swiss border, but the engine fails and they crash-land. Soldiers arrive. Blythe, his eyesight damaged, stands and is shot. Hendley waves and shouts â€Å"don't shoot†, and is captured as Blythe dies. Cavendish, having hitched a ride in a truck, is captured at a checkpoint, discovering another POW, Haynes, captured in his German soldier disguise. Bartlett is recognized in a crowded railroad station by Gestapo agent Kuhn. Another escapee, Ashley-Pitt, sacrifices himself when he kills Kuhn with Kuhn's own gun, and soldiers then shoot and kill him. In the commotion, Bartlett and MacDonald slip away but they are caught while boarding a bus after MacDonald blunders by replying in English to a suspicious Gestapo agent who wishes them â€Å"Good luck†. Hilts steals a motorcycle, is pursued by German soldiers, jumps a barbed wire fence but becomes entangled in another and is captured, he escapes execution as a spy by showing them the airforce label on his shirt. Three truckloads of captured POWs go down a country road and split off in three directions. One truck, containing Bartlett, MacDonald, Cavendish, Haynes and others, stops in a field and the POWs are told to get out and â€Å"stretch their legs. † They are shot dead. In all, fifty escapees are murdered. Hendley and nine others are returned to the camp. Von Luger is relieved of command of the prison camp and is driven away by the SS for failing to prevent the breakout. Only three make it to safety. Danny and Willie steal a rowboat and proceed downriver to the Baltic coast, where they board a Swedish merchant ship. Sedgwick steals a bicycle, then rides hidden in a freight train boxcar to France, where he is guided by the Resistance to Spain. Hilts is brought back alone to the camp and taken to the cooler. Lieutenant Goff, one of the Americans, gets Hilts's baseball and glove and throws it to him when Hilts and his guards pass by. The guard locks him in his cell and walks away, but momentarily pauses when he hears the familiar sound of Hilts bouncing his baseball against a cell wall. The film ends with this scene, under the caption,

J & J Automotive Sales Essay

Replicate business and referrals from pleased clients are fundamental to success in selling. The longer you work in sales as a professional person committed to treating your customers right, the higher and higher will be the proportion of your business emanating from repeat business and customer referrals. By contrast, think about the stereotype of the person we would generally consider the antithesis of professionalism in selling, the used-car salesperson. Of course, there may be some used-car salespersons out there that are professional businesspeople, but by and large their reputation is not exemplary. The reason? We believe it has a lot top do with the fact that the person selling in the used-car lot sees the prospect as an opportunity for a one-time transaction. Seldom will a customer return to that same used-car lot for a repeat purchase, and the used-car dealer virtually never has service facilities for developing an ongoing relationship after the sale. Used-car buyers rarely refer friends and colleagues to the dealer they bought from. When they do, it’s because of the availability of a particular vehicle rather than the dealership per se. Compare that with successful new-car dealership, especially those at the high end, who want you as a long-term customer that will refer friends and colleagues to the store and its salespeople. If you’ve ever dealt with a dealership like that, you’ve enjoyed a personal relationship with your salesperson and the service department reps, which is well worth paying for. You’d certainly agree that your salesperson does not fit the stereotype of a used-car salesperson. It’s just one illustration of a business which appreciates the fact that its survival is contingent upon repeat business and customer referrals. Joe luckily has good dealing relationships with his customers which is a good start in countering this stereotype. Not only must he be aware of the features associated with a variety of models, he must also be familiar with mileage, modifications, rebuilds, and the quirks of each car on the lot. As such, he could work against the stereotype as a slick con artist looking to make a quick buck. Part of this, may be due to the larger commissions used car salespeople like Joe make on each sale, thus encouraging them to complete as many sales possible. While stereotypes abound regarding used car dealerships, it is unfair to cast a negative light on the entire used car industry. The bonded dealers behave like other principals; some are up front and cooperative; others disappear or simply refuse to cooperate. Now while you consider you have seen and heard it all, a new claim presents novel and astonishing facts. For example, you are looking for a second-hand care and Joe activates your stereotype of ‘used-car dealer’. However, the car looks quite good buy. Is he lying to you or is he offering a good deal? If additional information seems to fit your initial judgment then you have category confirmation. You are confirmed, in your view of the salesman and leave it at that. If, however, the category is not confirmed, then you engage in re-categorization, and attempt to find a category that is a better fit – maybe the Joe is re-categorized as ‘helpful assistant,’ who sold cars honestly. Since Joe has this characteristics of passion in cars and the sincere concern to his customers, having this kind of stereotype would not hinder him from obtaining good customers, because he will, of course, gain their trust and as such, would gain good relationship with them. As a customer on the other hand, having Joe as a salesperson of used cars, I would definitely come back to him and get another good deal in buying his cars. The stereotype wouldn’t definitely affect my relationship with Joe as his customer and surely would come back for another deal. AutoNation created a huge business by exploiting the public’s perception of used-car dealers. Middle-volume dealerships with less expensive cars try to increase sales volume by getting uncertain customers the larger dealers ignore. They track sales workers to make sure they follow a prescribed script with customers. Smaller suburban dealerships also concentrate on uncertain customers but some also give special services like loaner cars and pick-up and delivery service in hopes of repeat and referral business. Reference: Kimball, Bob, and Jerold Hall. Selling in the New World of Business. Binghamton, New York: Haworth Press, 2004.

Free Essays on Robert Owen

Robert Owen, the son of a saddler and ironmonger, became one of the most successful mill owners of the Industrial Revolution with a reputation as the producer of fine cotton. However, it was not as a successful and respected businessman that he left his mark on history, but as one of the most prominent social reformers of the period, a pioneer of modern British socialism and a source of inspiration to the cooperative and trade union movements. Even as a young boy, Owens was an exceptional person. Before he was ten, he had already read many classical novels such as Pilgrims Progress and Robinson Crusoe, as well as books on history and theology, which as considered much too difficult for a child of his age. Owens moved on to become involved in the textile industry at a young age. He became a Draper ¡Ã‚ ¯s assistant and eventually a Master cotton spinner by the age of twenty. In 1789, he borrowed some money from his brother and went into business with Ernest Jones, a young engineer. Initially, the partnership was to manufacture new spinning machines, but shortly after, Owens set up his own cotton spinner with just three employees. His entrepreneurship led to great success, and by the age of twenty, he was in charge of a modern steam cotton mill employing 500 people. He became extremely successful in this field and eventually became a partner in the Charlton Twist Company. As a partner of the Charlton Twist Company, Owens would often travel great distances to seek orders. On one of his trips to Glasgow, he met his future wife Caroline Dale, the daughter of David Dale. At the time, David Dale was the owner of several large cotton mills at New Lanark. In 1799, Owens and his partners convinced Dale and purchased the New Lanark mills. From the very beginning, Owens saw the poor living and working conditions of the workers and wanted to improve those standards. At the time, the mill employed between 1500 to 2000 workers,... Free Essays on Robert Owen Free Essays on Robert Owen Robert Owen, the son of a saddler and ironmonger, became one of the most successful mill owners of the Industrial Revolution with a reputation as the producer of fine cotton. However, it was not as a successful and respected businessman that he left his mark on history, but as one of the most prominent social reformers of the period, a pioneer of modern British socialism and a source of inspiration to the cooperative and trade union movements. Even as a young boy, Owens was an exceptional person. Before he was ten, he had already read many classical novels such as Pilgrims Progress and Robinson Crusoe, as well as books on history and theology, which as considered much too difficult for a child of his age. Owens moved on to become involved in the textile industry at a young age. He became a Draper ¡Ã‚ ¯s assistant and eventually a Master cotton spinner by the age of twenty. In 1789, he borrowed some money from his brother and went into business with Ernest Jones, a young engineer. Initially, the partnership was to manufacture new spinning machines, but shortly after, Owens set up his own cotton spinner with just three employees. His entrepreneurship led to great success, and by the age of twenty, he was in charge of a modern steam cotton mill employing 500 people. He became extremely successful in this field and eventually became a partner in the Charlton Twist Company. As a partner of the Charlton Twist Company, Owens would often travel great distances to seek orders. On one of his trips to Glasgow, he met his future wife Caroline Dale, the daughter of David Dale. At the time, David Dale was the owner of several large cotton mills at New Lanark. In 1799, Owens and his partners convinced Dale and purchased the New Lanark mills. From the very beginning, Owens saw the poor living and working conditions of the workers and wanted to improve those standards. At the time, the mill employed between 1500 to 2000 workers,...

Investigative journalism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Investigative journalism - Assignment Example While Jordan had shown willingness to trade Moath al-Kasasbeh with al-Rishawi, it asked for a proof of life suspecting that the pilot had long been killed. Jordanian intelligence reported that Moath al-Kasasbeh was already been killed as early January 3 of this year (Vinograd, 2015) and that ISIS is just using the pilot to gain media mileage that could enhance their propaganda warfare and have more recruits. Jordan’s retaliation was swift. It made good on its threat to execute its terrorist prisoners if Moath al-Kasasbeh will be killed. When the news of Moath al-Kasasbeh death through burning broke out in the news, the King cut short his visit from the United States and hurriedly went back home to Jordan and had their terrorists prisoners executed the next day. Jordan also vowed to wipe out ISIS at the face of the planet and will wage war on its own backyard. True to its promise, Jordan led by its King Abdullah, conducted a series of bombing in ISIS stronghold and positions. At present, there are already more than 56 airstrikes conducted by Jordan and counting. Other Arab countries are also joining the fight against crisis as United Arab Emirates had sent a squadron of its F-16 to join the bombing run against ISIS. United States cautioned that such attack must be coordinated with coalition forces for it to have more impact and effective and also to minimize the risk against coalition partners. While Jordan agrees, it is now also taking initiative on hitting ISIS targets. This development is relatively new in the fight against ISIS because for the first time, Arab countries in the Gulf are taking active participation in the fight particularly in the bombing run which was typically done by United States with only minor participation of Gulf Countries. That number has now increased and with the momentum of current development, it looks like the number of Arab countries participation against ISIS will

Fort Blount, Tennesseee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fort Blount, Tennesseee - Essay Example This cave has limited access to the public due to the various issues associated with it; among them being health related ones; and, in this case, the effects of radon upon exposure. In this paper, therefore, our main focus will be on identification of the location of the site, the description of the cave as well as its formation to the famous and great feature it is today. The big bone cave is a Monteagle limestone cave that was formed around 2117B.C, its nearest city being Bone Cave, Tennessee. The directions to the cave are simple; the location of the bone cave state natural area and rock island state park is between Sparta and McMinnville. In order to reach rock island state park one is to take Hwy 70S to Hwy 136, continue for about a mile then turn left on Hwy Rock Island. From this point, the distance remaining is about three miles to the entrance of the park that holds the cave. Cumberland Plateau on which the bone cave is located is covered with limestone, sandstone that are resistant to the agents of erosion, and it is, therefore, difficult for the cave to get affected or even risk getting affected. The cave, on the other hand, is also covered with highly resistant and impermeable rocks to offer it protection. The caves that have continued to form on the plateau escarpment are as a result of the streams that have continued to flow on the surfa ce of the escarpment, thereby eroding the cap rock slowly by slowly. The continuous flow of the streams on the surface of the plateau escarpment leads to the exposure of the limestone, and with time complete erosion occurs. It is as a result of this erosion that caves such as the big bone, form; as a result of the erosion of the plateau escarpment. This also explains the location of the big bone cave, which is at the bottom of the plateau escarpment that once existed but then later on eroded to come up with the cave. In the case of the big bone cave, the stream that eroded the plateau escarpment was the