The Scarlet Letter By Roger Chillingworth - 895 Words

Roger Chillingworth: Retribution to Death According to an old Klingon proverb, â€Å"Revenge is a dish best served cold,† which Roger Chillingworth, the evil antagonist in The Scarlet Letter knows how to serve well. As readers, we rarely slow down and really scrutinize the works of novels. Consequently, we do not truly realize and acknowledge the development and transition of the characters’ feelings, thoughts, and states of mind. Through Roger Chillingworth, Nathaniel Hawthorne demonstrates that trying to enact retribution on another will typically end in one’s own demise. The one definite reason for Roger Chillingworth’s desire for retribution on his perceived enemy results from Dimmesdale’s act of adultery with his wife while he had not been present. Chillingworth sends Hester Prynne, his wife, to the New World two years before while he had been busy in England. Hester becomes impregnated by the town’s minister, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Chillingworth becomes infuriated; he alters his identity, giving himself a new name and profession. Chillingworth still has to determine who has committed the act with his wife. He acts stern with anyone that speaks with him and expresses rage at everyone for letting the act happen. Chillingworth suspects something about the minister at first glance but has no proof if Dimmesdale is actually the one who enacts the crime with his wife. Chillingworth asks to stay with Dimmesdale for medical reasons, utilizing his fake profession as aShow MoreRelated Sins of Hester Prynne, Reverend Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth in The Scarlet Letter2139 Words   |  9 PagesThe Sins of Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth in The Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter is a study of the effects of sin on the hearts and minds of the main characters, Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth. Hester, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth. Sin strengthens Hester, humanizes Dimmesdale, and turns Chillingworth into a demon. Hester Prynne’s sin was adultery. This sin was regarded very seriously by the Puritans, and was oftenRead MoreRoger Chillingworth And Multiple Evil Figures In The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1024 Words   |  5 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne, in The Scarlet Letter, recounts the events of an adulteress living in a Puritan community, who is forced to submit to public shaming and the vengeful actions of her husband. Hawthorne elaborates on the underlying idea that Roger Chillingworth is maleficent, which works towards the overall purpose that evil temptation ultimately causes negative outcomes. Through the utilization of Biblical allusions, Hawthorne conveys the similarities between Chillingworth and multiple evil figuresRead MoreEssay on Morally Ambiguous Characters in The Scarlet Letter746 Words   |  3 PagesHawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, the deceptive Roger Chillingworth could most certainly be considered a morally ambiguous character. Throughout the novel, Ro ger Chillingworth everlastingly remains misleading as to whether he lies on the side of good or evil. Even at the end of The Scarlet Letter, the knowledge of Roger Chillingworth is extremely nebulous. The mysterious Roger Chillingworth, although ultimately emanating to be evil, attests to be a challenge when determining his morality. Roger ChillingworthRead MoreHester As An Imperfect Heroine1515 Words   |  7 PagesNovember, 2013 Hester as an Imperfect Heroine The Scarlet Letter, a story of Hester Prynne and her paramour, Reverend Dimmesdale, and her malicious husband in pursuit for revenge, Roger Chillingworth. The novel begins in the Puritan society in Boston, Massachusetts, during the 1640’s. The town first ostracizes Hester because of their strong religious beliefs. Hester is then faced with an immense struggle against the town and Roger Chillingworth. Through this struggle she is developed into a heroineRead MoreThe Worst Sinner in the Scarlet Letter1444 Words   |  6 PagesThe Worst Sinner in The Scarlet Letter In The Scarlet Letter there are three main sinners presented to the reader. Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth are all written with their own forms of sin, and each has a unique coping mechanism for their sins and guilt. Sin, at this time, was a hugely important part of daily life, and punishment for one’s sins was universally seen as not only a positive thing, but a necessary action to keep the people of the colony pure. Both HesterRead MoreAnalysis Of The From The Scarlet Letter 959 Words   |  4 PagesNine, â€Å"The Leech† from the Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most iconic books in history; its storyline, theme and literal characters have made an impact on the world of literature for hundreds of years. What stands out the most in the book is the use of archaic diction and figurative language, which serve to paint vivid, descriptive pictures of each character, specifically, Roger Chillingworth. In chapter nine of The Scarlet Letter, ‘The Leech†, Nathaniel HawthorneRead MoreRevenge1222 Words   |  5 Pages This writing focuses on the character Roger Chillingworth, who is one of the main characters in the Scarlet Letter. Chillingworth is first introduced as a â€Å"white man, clad in a strange disarray of civilized clothing and savage costume† (â€Å"Scarlet Letter: Page 1365†). It goes on to describe him as a small old man who has a look of high intellect and a deformed body. Chillingworth plays a chilling and disturbing character throughout the book. He acts almost inhumanly, which one could note that evenRead MoreThe Gift of Evil in The Scarlett Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne764 Words   |  4 Pages Gifts Of Evil In the book The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne there are many characters who have committed sins. In Puritan community they followed the word of god and banned all sins. These sins in The Scarlet Letter were look as The Black Mans work meaning satans work. The sins committed were harmful and hurtful to people and their souls. Hester and Mr. Dimmesdale committed adultery with bearing a child named Pearl. But Roger Chillingworth committed the worst sin by using his giftsRead MoreFeminism In The Scarlet Letter Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pagesand authors alike are able to dispute whether classic literary reads are feminist literature, such as The Scarlet Letter. Author Nathaniel Hawthorne’s writing did not portray a new right being made for women in society due to the scandal it aroused, nor change how women saw Hester Prynne, and it offered a balance of strong male and female characters within the novel. Thus, The Scarlet Letter is not a piece of feminist literature. Women received no new right or advancement of a right due to HesterRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter 1217 Words   |  5 Pages1 McKenzie Botts Mrs. Eron English 2330, Section 02 November 10, 2014 A Sin is a Sin Nathaniel Hawthorne was a brilliant writer of the 19th century. Hawthorne created a novel that reflected the time period of the Puritans in New England. The Scarlet Letter contains a representation of the people during that time period but can also be related to the reader’s time period. Originally, God created the world with complete perfection until man fell, and sin entered the world. In the eyes of God, a sin

Snapple Case Study - 948 Words

Snapple’s brand equity was driven by how unique and popular the product became almost immediately. By 1994, it had grown substantially and was known as a popular and user friendly â€Å"ready-to-drink† beverage. The huge growth Snapple was able to achieve was due in part to the almost cultish fan base that Snapple developed. For example, a family in New Jersey even gave their son the middle name Snapple. Studies showed that ready-to-drink beverages were selected almost strictly based upon fashion, taste, and status related considerations. For this reason, Snapple gained appeal through alternative means of marketing. They used product placements (Seinfeld and Sleepless in Seattle), sponsorship from celebrities, consumer composed jingles, and†¦show more content†¦They were able to use similar distribution, administrative and production systems which allowed them to achieve growth in profits and a 2% boost in the beverage market share. However, Snapple faced some very different dangers in the Cadbury acquisition compared to the Quaker acquisition. Anytime a small, focused brand like Snapple is acquired by a large corporation, they take on some brand confusion. Consumer’s who love the small and unique company may turn on you when purchased by a large corporation. Because Cadbury is so large, they may dilute the brand by wrongly marketing the product towards a group of consumers much too large for Snapple. Also, large companies tend to have more standardized marketing efforts. Snapple has always benefitted from alternative means of marketing. For example, Cadbury’s attempt to make Snapple the official beverage of New York did not align with their core associations. As the ready-to-drink beverage market becomes increasingly competitive, Cadbury needs to focus on Snapple’s core associations to leverage its brand equity. If Cadbury doesn’t have the capability to maintain the small niche, unique, innovative, and quirky feel of Snapple, they should sell it. If they feel they can properly manage Snapple, they need to revisit the alternative means of marketing and use the grassroot activities that Triarc was successful with. They also need to extend the brand into areas that align with the brand’sShow MoreRelatedSnapple Case Study1175 Words   |  5 PagesProduct: The Snapple product line is vast and spans many different flavors, many of which were unpopular. Only a handful of flavors held the product afloat, this in effect was due to the premium pricing of the product. The product in itself was marketed with the accompanying mantra of â€Å"100% Natural† and proved to be quite popular among a very difficult to define market segment. Snapple was neither defined as a â€Å"lifestyle† brand or a â€Å"fashion† brand, it was somewhere in the middle, generally groupedRead MoreSnapple Case Study1115 Words   |  5 PagesProblem: Develop a strategy for Snapple s recovery after a three year trend of declining sales under the management of Triarc Companies. Sales had declined almost 35% in three years (from $674 MM in 1994 to $440 MM in 1997) and had the profile that the company had achieved great success with was diminished. Issues History: • Small company origins based on authenticity and trust in consumers eyes. (ref. Exhibit 6 Ââ€" Pivotal Characteristics) This was evident in the initial mantra of the companyRead MoreCase Case Study : Snapple Case771 Words   |  4 PagesCase Memo- Snapple Case Jayde Panos Dr Mason SWOT Analysis Strengths: †¢ Largest market share 35% (1997, super market brand shares) †¢ Snapple drinkers inhabit the middle between really health conscious people and the â€Å"I don’t care what I put into my body† †¢ Personal- Has a wide variety for all needs †¢ Vividly sensual- Snapple tastes good or its nothing †¢ Seen as a premium beverage Weaknesses: †¢ Rumors of the company having a poor political image (article explains it could be associated with HowardRead MoreSnapple Case Study1025 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: The History of Snapple In 1972, three friends – Arnie Greenberg, Leonard Marsh, and Hyman Golden – established their successful brand Snapple, in Greenwich Village, New York. They saw a unique opportunity in the beverage industry to sell all natural juices by appealing to the young and health conscious urban population. The founders grew their business using funds from within the company, outsourcing production and product development, and building a distribution network. They expandedRead MoreEssay about Snapple Case Study818 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Snapple Case Study Despite the fact that many small startup premium fruit drink companies stayed small or even disappeared during the period from 1972 to 1993, Snapple was able to flourish. A large part of Snapple avoiding the fate of these other companies can be attributed to how successful it was in utilizing the four Ps of marketing, especially product and promotion. Of the four Ps, the marketing mix typically starts with the product, which is one area where Snapple separated itself fromRead MoreRevitalizing Snapple: A Case Study Report2891 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿Revitalizing Snapple: A Case Study Report Introduction From 1972-1993 Snapple Fruit Juice Company flourished while many startup premium fruit drinks struggled and, in many cases, failed. In fact, most of Snapples successful competitors during this time were sold to larger distribution companies allowing Snapple to create a Brand image and distribution alliance for the smaller guy. They were a cult classic, promoted by loud, brash promoters like Howard Stern and Rush Limbaugh who had huge followingsRead MoreDr.Pepper Snapple Group Case Study2696 Words   |  11 PagesProblems and Opportunities It is important to understand the primary problem being addressed throughout this case study: Whether or not a profitable market opportunity exists for a new energy beverage brand to be produced, marketed and distributed by the Dr. Pepper Snapple Group. In order to effectively answer the above question, there are a number of secondary questions that need to be answered to get the full picture. They are as follows: Who would the target market be? What would be the fullRead MoreCase Study on Dr Snapple Group Inc.2428 Words   |  10 PagesUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA KOTA SAMARAHAN CAMPUS MKT750 MARKETING MANAGEMENT CASE STUDY DR PEPPER SNAPPLE GROUP, INC. ENERGY BEVERAGE PREPARED BY: RAMSIS ANAK WILLIAM AGIM 2012402536 Strategic Issues and Problems Being the consultant of Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. (DPSG), I am charged to assess whether or not a profitable market opportunity existed for a new energy beverage brand to be produced, marketed, and distributed by the company. The decision to explore aRead MoreDr. Pepper Snapple Group Case Study1520 Words   |  7 Pages DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR DR. PEPPER SNAPPLE GROUP _1. HOW WOULD YOU CHARACTERIZE THE ENERGY BEVERAGE CATEGORY, COMPETITORS, CHANNELS, AND DPSGS CATEGORY PARTICIPATION IN LATE 2007?_ In late 2007 the energy beverage category was reaching market maturity and projected to have a slower annual growth rate from 2007 to 2011 (10.5%) than it had between 2001 and 2006 (42.5%). Rising prices, packaging competition, and the introduction of hybrid energy beverages also added to the slower projected growthRead MoreDr. Pepper Snapple Group Case Study Essay1997 Words   |  8 PagesMarcela Beas Dr. Pepper Snapple Group March 5th, 2013 Current Situation Analysis Mission/Vision Statement The Dr. pepper Snapple Group fuses its vision and mission statements saying, â€Å"At Dr. Pepper Snapple Group, it is our vision to be the best beverage business in the Americas. Our brands have been synonymous with refreshment, fun and flavor for generations, and our sales are poised to keep growing in the future.† This stamen is straightforward and informatively average. It establishes the

Sample Literary Research Paper Free Essays

Reverend Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, best known by his pen name Lewis Carroll, has written many novels, poems, and short stories in his lifetime but his most famous for his children’s â€Å"nonsense† novels: Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and the sequel Through the Looking Glass. His works, especially the two mentioned, have influenced countless readers over the years, and references to his writings can be found in every type of media from the song â€Å"White Rabbit† by Jefferson Airplane to the the Matrix trilogy. While both books are intended for a child’s entertainment, they are full of symbolism and hidden critique. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Literary Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now His clever wordplay, use of logic and reasoning, and incredible imagination are all trademarks of his style of writing, which is often referred to as â€Å"literary nonsense. † To readers with little experience with Carroll’s work, this term seems to perfectly describe Carroll’s confusing and often rambling style, but when more thoroughly inspected, it becomes obvious that this â€Å"nonsense† has a far deeper meaning. Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is about a young girl, Alice, who gets bored doing her multiplication tables one day and follows a white rabbit into a hole. Through this hole, she ends up falling into Wonderland, a place where there are potions and foods that can change the drinker’s size, a tea party thrown by a Mad Hatter and a March Hare, and a Caucus-race that everybody wins. As Alice journeys through Wonderland she meets stranger and stranger, or, as she says, â€Å"’Curiouser and curiouser! ‘† (15), characters such as a hookah-smoking caterpillar sitting on a mushroom and a grinning Cheshire Cat who is not all there all the time: â€Å"’Well I’ve often seen a cat without a grin,’ thought Alice; ‘but a grin without a cat! It’s the most curious thing I ever saw in all my life! ‘† (94). She runs into three gardeners who are painting the Queen of Hearts’ roses from white to red so she will not cut their heads off. Alice and the Queen play a game of croquet in which the mallets are live flamingos and the balls are hedgehogs until the Queen eventually orders the beheading of everyone but Alice, the King, and herself. The book ends with Alice discovering that the whole experience was a dream from falling asleep while doing her multiplication. The story itself became much more popular upon the release of the Disney animated version. Many parts of this movie, however, were not originally found in the book but are instead found in its sequel. Through The Looking Glass is very similar to Alice’s other journey, but this time she steps through her mirror, also known as a looking glass, and finds herself on a giant chess board inhabited by the Red and White chess pieces from the set in her room. When she asks the Red Queen if she can play, she is told she can take the place of a white pawn and start on the second square and will become a queen if she reaches the eighth. She eventually meets Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum who tell her the poem â€Å"The Walrus and the Carpenter. † She later meets Humpty Dumpty who tells her that he can make words mean whatever he wants and then proceeds to explain to her the meaning of the poem â€Å"Jabberwocky. † Alice is then taken prisoner by a Red Knight and later rescued by a White Knight, both of whom keep falling off their horses, and guided safely to the eighth square where she is made a queen and invited to the Red and White Queen’s nonsensical dinner party, after which she once again wakes up and realizes that the whole thing was just a dream. The poem â€Å"The Walrus and The Carpenter† from Through the Looking Glass is a classic tale narrated by Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum about a walrus and a carpenter who, while strolling down the beach one sunny night, convince a large bunch of oysters to take a walk with them: â€Å"Their shoes were clean and neat-/ And this was odd, because, you know,/ They hadn’t any feet† (74-75). After much talk of whimsical nonsense, the walrus and the carpenter eat the unsuspecting oysters. There are many speculations on what the symbolism behind this poem actually is, but one theory, addressed in the movie Dogma, suggests that it is about religions tricking their followers. According to this theory, the walrus represents Eastern religions as either Buddha or Ganesha, while the carpenter represents Jesus and all Western religions. The two of them trick the helpless oysters, representing the innocent masses, with their words and then use them for their own gain, which in this case is as food. Many argue that this is not the true meaning behind the poem since Carroll was also an Anglican clergyman, but it is also noted that he was pushed towards his clergy position by his father and eventually grew to dislike the whole of the Anglican Church. The true meaning of the poem may never be known since Carroll never told anyone, and it was one of many things left unexplained in his diaries. â€Å"Jabberwocky† is yet another famous poem from Through the Looking Glass, containing many of the characteristics that earned Carroll’s works the title â€Å"literary nonsense. This poem is first read by Alice when she holds the book containing it up to her mirror, and the first stanza is later told by her to Humpty Dumpty when he claims to be able to explain any poem ever invented and a good many that haven’t been invented yet. â€Å"Jabberwocky† is about a boy who is warned by his father to beware the Jabberwock, a great beast with jaws that bite and claws tha t catch, and so takes his vorpal sword and seeks the beast. When they meet, the boy slays the monster and takes its head back to his father to receive his praise. Humpty Dumpty explains to Alice that many of the words in the poem are portmanteaus, or words with two meanings packed into them. For instance, â€Å"slithy† means both â€Å"lithe† and â€Å"slimy,† while â€Å"mimsy† is â€Å"flimsy† and â€Å"miserable† at the same time. He also clears up the rest of the nonsense words in this poem such as â€Å"outgribing,† which he says is something between bellowing and whistling with a sneeze in the middle. The first stanza goes: â€Å"Twas brillig, and the slithy toves / Did gyre and gimble in the wabe / All mimsy were the borogoves / And the mome raths outgrabe† (126). As Humpty explains it to Alice, this loosely translates to, It was four in the afternoon and the slithy toves, a mix between a badger, a lizard, and a corkscrew, went round and round the grass-plot of a sundial until they had worn holes in the ground. The borogoves, thin, shabby birds with their feathers sticking out, were mimsy and the mome raths, sorts of green pigs that lost their way, outgribed. This style of making up words to describe altogether new concepts or creatures as he pictured them has been compared to that of Dr. Seuss: it provides entertainment to children who laugh at these nonsense words, while at the same time has its own meaning when explained. Lewis Carroll had a writing style unlike any seen before his time. His â€Å"literary nonsense† has provided entertainment for countless children, while amusing and stimulating the minds of adults at the same time. While many of the characters and events in Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass are known or debated symbols or references to something else, their true meanings could only ever be understood by Carroll himself. How to cite Sample Literary Research Paper, Essays

Theories & Models of Internationalization-Free-Samples for Students

Question: What are the various methods of Internationalisation that could be adopted by any major retail Organisation in a developed country seeking to expand its Operations into large emerging Markets to maximise the chances of success and minimise the risks of failure? Answer: Many companies, firms and even small and medium businesses from developed nations expand their operations in other countries using the entry mode strategies. However, most of the literary works that have been carried out focus mainly on the service industry and failed to analyze other sectors such as the retail sector in internationalization (Azuayi 2016). However, in this case, the analysis aims at finding out procedures of internationalization adopted by food retail companies in entering the emerging markets. Companies choose to operate globally for various reasons. For some the fierce competition in the domestic markets forces them to seek other markets globally. In other cases, the companies wish to expand, and the only way they can expand is by operating globally. The focus of this study is to provide a study of internationalization strategies useful and relevant to Arla Foods (Arla 2016) in penetrating the international markets. The research explores number entry strategies as well as some theories from the international business. The the main focus is to find whether the developing nations such as Asia are viable for a food company such as Arla Foods from Denmark (Arla 2016). Data from other sources reveal that the international market has some weaknesses, however, despite the challenges; there are many viable opportunities from emerging economies. Arla uses export as the entry strategy to enter Asia, according to this method it is the best for a company such as Arla (Axford 2014). Export possesses very low risks and also the advantage in that it does not require huge funding thus making very effective and efficient. Theories and models of internationalization For many decades, studies focused on economic theories to explain the theory of international trade. However, as of the 1970s, internationalization theories were introduced to help understand the concept of internationalization. Internationalization has been the focus for many companies (Axford 2014). Internationalization from the concept of economics can be defined as a case where businesses get involved in the operations of international markets. For many firms operations begin nationally; however, plans that are long-term are drawn on getting entering a global market. Internationalization has changed the way business used to operate in the past leading to a dynamic market with stiff competition for firms. For most firms internationalization is the best choice since the domestic market is small due to the economies of scale and the numerous opportunities available in global markets (Chan and Cui 2013). Internationalization is one of the strategies employed by executives with the ai m of cutting the costs of production where the labor is cheap in such countries. In other companies that are facing a financial crisis, they adopt a budget that enables them to operate efficiently in emerging economies (Christofor 2008). Many methods are used in entering foreign markets (Stiebale 2011). However, the methods can be categorized into two broad parts. In the first part, a mode that is non-equity exists and entails agreements that are contractual. The other section involves a mode of entry referred to as the equity mode and includes subsidiaries and joint ventures. From the above illustrations, it is evident that export and imports offer the minimal risks and less centralization in terms of control (Schroeder 2012). Other methods that have the highest risk level are the ones that have highest returns on investment but also great control of the market. With the acquisition and Greenfield investments, direct investment is the cornerstone and a prerequisite for investment returns. Institution based view An institution can be defined as constraints that are human-made, and they give the direction of activities in political and economic platforms. The corporate can be said to have various frameworks and structures that may affect how a contract may be enforced, security investment, copyrights and even the political landscape (Andersen, Zamberi Ahmad and Mang Chen 2014). There are three classifications in which institutions can be grouped, and that is cognitive, regulative and normative. A regulative aspect defines the rules and regulations that guide how businesses act and behave in the economy. Normative also referred to as the social aspect assumes education and occupational standards (Azuayi 2016). Cognitive on the other hand comprises the cultural aspects and entails the signs and gestures. Institutions play a strategic role in the economy by ensuring that the market dynamics operate effectively as defined by the forces of demand and supply. Uppsala model theory According to Uppsala model, Swedish manufacturing firms use internationalization in seeking international markets. The ideology for the Uppsala is that globalization is a gradual process. It is a phase where firms seek information of the market that leads to a gradual increase in the activities of the firms leading to direct investments and sales in the foreign nation. The theory of Uppsala rests on the idea of how well the business understands the foreign market. However, it is essential to remember that the domestic market is different from the foreign market (Andersen, Zamberi Ahmad and Mang Chen 2014). Without recognizing such a difference, a firm may fail to achieve the desired dreams and goals. For a company such as Arla Foods, it would be important for it to gain knowledge of the political and economic environment as they define the success of the business. It is also necessary that a company understands how it can adapt to the foreign market (Azuayi 2016). Uppsala theory is o ne of the theories that are still effective and relevant to todays operations. Transactional cost theory According to this theory, costs incurred in creating a firm in the global market are important. It is an addition of the expenses that have been incurred in establishing an entity in a foreign nation. The explicit and implicit costs are included in the transaction cost theory (Azuayi 2016). The strategy employed in entering the international market is a very crucial issue. For manufacturing firms that are seeking to establish subsidiaries in an international market, then transactional cost analysis comes handy as it helps in explaining the integration of decisions vertically (Azuayi 2016). According to the industrial network, every organization has to ensure a lasting relationship with customers and suppliers forming a network. When deciding on the strategy to be used Arla Food should be careful and understand each strategy to choose the one that is economical as well as efficient in achieving the objectives and the goals of the company. The implicit and explicit costs are directly r elated to the success or failure of the company. Factors for entering global markets Internationalization is an extension of the business into the foreign markets. The idea and the logic behind internationalization are strategic decisions that may affect a firm and also its micro and macro operations (Hill 2013).Globalization is viewed as one component that affects management of the business. Current statistics reveal that the rate at which companies have evolved and engaged in global markets has increased over the decades. However, though the concept of internationalization has become more common for most firms, it is necessary for companies to consider the motives behind internationalization. There are many reasons for globalization, but the most obvious one is the desire to exploit potential in the emerging markets and the need to have the risks diversified (Keegan and Green 2017). It is also evident that for most firms that prefer internationalization in the event of launching new products in the market. Coca Cola saw an opportunity after they visited many countries in the world and thereby launched the bottled water. In most of the scenarios, it is the fierce competition in the domestic markets that firms consider foreign markets viable. It is for such reasons that companies such as FORD that considered internationalization almost became market leaders being ranked second after General Motors (Parlabene 2013). For the firms in the Chinese market, internationalization is considered as the best option due to the stiff and fierce competition. The other reason behind internationalization is to avoid the risks associated with operating in one market. The objective of diversifying the risks is one of the reasons firms choose internationalizing. An additional market in another nation is a mechanism used in offsetting negative impacts and also various uncertainties, for instance, the political instabilities and the economic upsurges (Azuayi 2016). Starbucks provides a good illustration, in the past decade the American economy was experiencing recession and for companies like Starbucks they were not it hard as thereby ad other markets in other markets thus giving Starbucks leverage over other companies. The foreign market compensated for the losses with the overwhelming performances in the international markets. For other companies, they decide to go global so that they can experience a different rate of growth. It is the different markets in foreign countries that yield different growth rates and most firms in nations with slow growth rate will consider internationalization in countries with faster rates of growth (Schmidt 2013). Companies operating in the food industry have different growth rates in various markets. The variations in growth rates arise because some countries have experienced maturity faster than other nations. As such companies will look for countries that are at an advanced stage. Despite the fact that some companies operate globally to be profitable, on the other hand, companies may want gain knowledge of the foreign markets. A good number of firms have gone global with the aim of wanting to know what the international market needs to get done regarding changing the product so that it becomes acceptable in the world market. The role of government incentives also plays a part in promoting internationalization (Azuayi 2016). Many companies consider going overseas as a result of government incentives to export some of the products produced locally. It is through government intervention that some markets that were initially inaccessible now accessible. A good example of countries providing help for their firms is the United States which provides help to massive so that they can start exporting products to foreign nations. It is evident that companies have different reasons for going global. Therefore, different firms have different objectives that are to be met by going international. It is, therefore, true that companies adopt various strategies when penetrating specific markets (Azuayi 2016). Since there are various ideologies for going international, there is no right or wrong reason for the company going global. Many theories explain and surround the entry methods in international markets. Overview of methods of internationalization Most firms use export and import as one of the methods in pursuing internationalization. Export refers to the process where a company sells its products to other nations (Gillespie and Hennessey 2016).With the exports strategy, a country either employs the services of an export agent or the company sells directly to the consumers (Fabling and Sanderson 2013). The other method commonly employed is the licensing. The licensing firms give patent rights, copyrights, and royalties to the licensee. The licensee also has access to knowledge of the processes used in the production of goods and services. A licensee, on the other hand, does the production licensors commodities and gets the royalties from the sales of such products (Gioeli 2014). The licensing strategy is employed in countries where the public authorities feel that a new technology is relevant and needed for development of the nation. Franchising bears some similarities to licensing as another strategy employed in international ization. The main distinguishing and unique feature with franchising is that with franchising. The firm controls the market and is also responsible for the development of a market. Franchising comprises of people who own the business partially owners and are referred to as franchisees, who in return pay a small fee to the parent company that is known as a franchise. The franchisee shares in the trademark as they are identified with the brand (Gioeli 2014). The role of the trademark is to enable the business to operate alongside the franchiser. Such a system offers the franchisee many rights and resources. However, the system has many advantages and disadvantages something that companies should consider before accepting to enter into such agreements. Methods of internationalization According to the arguments by Kotapati, there are numerous reasons as to why firms enter into international companies, and there are many strategies that company employs in entering foreign markets for various reasons (Azuayi 2016). No single entry is preferable and efficient for all international markets. Some of the ideologies and preferences for firms going global through different strategies involve reduced rates of tariff in some countries, to enjoy reduced costs in marketing of the product. Strategies employed in internationalization include: Direct exporting Export can be categorized as either direct or indirect. With the direct exporting, a company sells the commodities directly into the market of importance. With the direct export, the firm has an obligation, and the company regulates the market in a foreign nation as compared to the indirect exporting (Azuayi 2016). Piggybacking as a direct exporting strategy entails the company exporting the new products using the already existing distribution channels of the different firms. The other is consortia where the small and the medium sized firms unite and come together targeting both complimentary and substitute products in international market. Arla can sell milk as the main export agent in the Nepalese market. The firm may also use the direct export strategy by employing the services of an agent to distribute the product in the foreign market. Licensing With licensing, a company is entitled to sell product and enjoy the revenues for certain duration. Some of the items in the licensing list include copyright, symbols, and product names. However, licensing applies to firms in the manufacturing industry where firms are entitled to use the process of technology and on the other hand royalties are paid by the licensee (Azuayi 2016). For firms that seek to expand financially, then licensing strategy is the best option. Licensing helps reduce the risk of a product falling in the black market (Azuayi 2016). Companies looking to use this strategy have to consider the future as there is the danger of information falling into the hands of the competitors. Arla Food may not employ the licensing strategy when getting into the Nepal market as there is no need for it to use the patent, trademarks in the food sector. The company is also not a manufacturing sector where the manufacturing firms require licensing dearly in their operations. Franchising With Franchising, a single company is responsible for supplying the other firm with intangible assets. Restaurants and hotels in most cases use franchising in entering global markets . Franchising is recommended for business outlets that have a uniform outlook and is synonymous to food stalls that are easily transferable to other market segments (Azuayi 2016). The caveat required in a franchise model ensures that the brand is unique such that it can be recognized and be utilized universally. It is always fundamental that a business opting to take franchising as an entry strategy be cautious as future competitions may arise in the area of franchising. As for Arla Foods, franchising seems a good strategy franchising offers more repeatable models as compared to other strategies. The firm may allow the investor handle the sales promotion and the sales on its premises, but Arla Food should maintain its policies. Strategic alliances Alliances that are strategic are a cooperative move by the firms through agreements by different firms. Firms that engage in strategic alliances are those in the technology industry as the mode is considered effective and efficient. The main objective for the strategic alliances is the need and desire to exchange technology (Hill 2013). Lastly, there is a foreign direct investment, and in this mode, there is 100 percent ownership. Direct investment ensures that a foreign market is achieved directly. With the Greenfield investment, a company directly owns a facility or an investment that has been developed by another company. The ownership can also be achieved through facility ownership in what is known as the. In this study, there is extensive analysis of internalization, the modes of entry and the factors for the type for the type of the strategy employed. Joint ventures The other strategy employed by businesses in entering foreign countries is a joint venture. The joint venture creates and develops partnership between the home firm and a firm from a host nation is as compared to licensing (Glowik 2016).A joint venture presents numerous benefits to foreign nation firm as the firm gains access to management positions as well as having equity positions. In a joint venture there is integration of the foreign firms with the home country leading to a third party company (Glowik 2016). In most cases, the foreign firm gains knowledge of the local market and also has better control of the management. From the above illustrations, it is evident that firms are operating globally due to the need for larger markets and also because of competition in the domestic market. However, the method employed in entering the global market is critical as it determines the success or failure of the company. Internationalization comes with many benefits (Azuayi 2016). However, there are disadvantages with internationalization such as unfavorable government policies making operations in the foreign market costly and can lead to continuous loss making which can lead to the closure of the company. References Andersen, P., Zamberi, S. and Meng Chan, W. (2014). 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